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呼吸道是人体接触外界环境的一个重要器官,每天约有1万公升空气,并带有许多有害物质(粉尘、毒物、细菌、病毒、致癌和致敏物)进入呼吸道。为了清除进入呼吸道的异物,呼吸道具有三种防御机制:机械过滤、粘液纤毛清除,以及吞噬和免疫。此三种防御机制是互相联系和互相补充的,从而使呼吸道对外来异物的清除构成了一个完整的防御体系。
The respiratory tract is an important organ of the human body in contact with the environment. About 1 million liters of air are laden with many harmful substances (dust, poison, bacteria, viruses, carcinogens and allergens) entering the respiratory tract every day. The respiratory tract has three defense mechanisms to remove foreign matter entering the respiratory tract: mechanical filtration, mucociliary clearance, and phagocytosis and immunity. The three defense mechanisms are interrelated and complementary to each other, so that the respiratory foreign body removal constitutes a complete defense system.