目的通过对重庆市婴幼儿超重、肥胖的调查,并对其危险因素进行分析,进而为预防和控制儿童肥胖的发生和发展提供科学依据。方法在重庆市两个城区按分层整群抽样原则抽取1月龄儿童,并随访至18月龄,资料完整者1 949例,通过BMI评价分为正常组(1 635例)和超重肥胖组(311例)。对两组儿童进行基础调查及饮食调查,对有显著性差异的因素采用SPSS 11.5统计软件进行单因素及多因素Logistic回归分析。结果 18月龄超重、肥胖率为15.96%,Logistic回归分析显示,高出生体重(OR=2.07)、父亲超重(OR=1.07)、每周肉及菜摄入频率≥7次(OR=1.04、OR=1.05)、每周甜饮料>1次(OR=0.90)为儿童超重肥胖发生的危险因素。结论超重、肥胖的发生与高出生体重、遗传、不良的饮食行为等因素有关。肥胖的控制应该从出生时进行,对相关因素及早的进行干预。 Objective To investigate the risk factors of overweight and obesity among infants and toddlers in Chongqing and to provide a scientific basis for the prevention and control of the occurrence and development of childhood obesity. Methods One-month-old children were selected according to the stratified cluster sampling principle in two urban districts of Chongqing. The patients were followed up to 18 months of age with 1 949 complete data. The patients were divided into normal group (1635 cases) and overweight and obesity group (311 cases). The basic survey and dietary survey of two groups of children were carried out. One-factor and multivariate Logistic regression analysis was conducted using SPSS 11.5 statistical software for significant differences. Results The 18-month-old was overweight and the obesity rate was 15.96%. Logistic regression analysis showed that the high birth weight (OR = 2.07), father overweight (OR = 1.07) OR = 1.05),> 1 sweet drink per week (OR = 0.90) were risk factors for overweight and obesity in children. Conclusion The occurrence of overweight and obesity is related to such factors as high birth weight, heredity and poor dietary behaviors. Obesity control should be carried out from birth, early intervention of relevant factors.