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针对不同的洞口尺寸和洞口位置,按拓扑优化中的遗传演化算法构造拉压杆模型和我国规范推荐的经验方法,设计了4组共8个钢筋混凝土开洞深梁试件。通过静载试验对两种方法设计的试件进行对比,结果表明:按拉压杆模型方法设计的试件不仅具有较高的受剪承载力、较充分的裂缝开展和较好的延性,而且有效解决了按经验方法设计的试件纵筋不能充分利用的问题。通过比较实测的受剪承载力和按材料标准值计算的设计受剪承载力,结果表明:拉压杆模型方法可以得到偏于安全的承载力预测值,而经验方法的预测结果偏差较大;开洞深梁的破坏形态,洞口尺寸较小时由“瓶形”斜压杆两侧的斜裂缝开展起控制作用,而洞口尺寸较大时,虽然也由斜裂缝控制破坏,但显现一定的弯曲破坏特征。
According to the different hole size and hole location, according to the genetic evolution algorithm in topology optimization, the model of the tension and compression rod and the empirical method recommended by our country are designed. Four groups of 8 deep concrete beam specimens with reinforced concrete are designed. The results of comparison of the specimens designed by the two methods by static load test show that the specimens designed according to the model of the tension and compression rod not only have higher shear capacity, more adequate crack initiation and better ductility, but also Which effectively solved the problem that the longitudinals of test bars designed by empirical methods can not be fully utilized. By comparing the measured shear capacity and the designed shear capacity calculated according to the standard value of the material, the results show that the predicted values of the bearing capacity are biased towards the safe ones, while the predicted results of the empirical methods have large deviations. When the size of the hole is small, the oblique cracks on both sides of the “bottle-shaped” bar will play a controlling role. When the size of the hole is larger, it is controlled by the oblique crack, Bending damage characteristics.