论文部分内容阅读
第一步:通读+细读
通读全文并细读首尾句,了解文章大意、关键词
这是做完形填空的第一步,即以快速阅读的方式浏览全文(填空处直接跳过),了解文章大意,把握基本脉络和前后逻辑关系,抓住主题和关键词,为解题做准备。该步骤有利于对语篇有一个整体的了解,可避免断章取义,减少解题时的盲目性。
标准的完形填空一般不会在第一句设空,目的在于给考生提供必要的背景信息。因此,在阅读时要特别注意文章的第一句和最后一句,因为它们通常是文章的主题句,是全文的中心所在。从第一句往往可以窥见作者的写作目的,把握作者的写作思路以及文章将要叙述的内容。而最后一句是作者对文章内容的归纳总结,表明作者的观点和态度,有利于加强考生对文章的理解。
注意:千万不可跳过这一步骤直接填空。
第二步:试填空
联系上下文试填空,利用逻辑推理来排选
在了解文章大意的基础上,联系所填部分的上下文,进行推理。注意前后是否会有暗示。一般来说,前后会出现答案的反义词、同义词或者本身就是答案。完形填空中有些空格的四个选项从词汇搭配、语法和单句的角度考虑均行得通。但由于文章是一个完整的统一体,词、句、段三者存在着内在逻辑关系,此时,需要在上下文中寻找有关的提示或暗示,对文章的情节进行逻辑推理,抓住关键词语,理顺句与句之间的关系,确定合理的答案。
注意:千万不可采取看一空做一题的单项解题法。
第三步:代入答案
代入答案后,复读全文,核对推敲
题目填完后(除个别难度较大的题目外),应利用一到两分钟将答案代入原文通读,通读的目的是通过“语感”来核实答案。这样读下来,不仅可以改正填错的词,而且还可以在这一过程中得到启发,把做不出来的题目填出来。
注意:千万不可忽略“语感”及对篇章的整体把握。
●实战练习之一●
有伤害的帮助
On the way to school, a little boy found a cocoon(茧) of a butterfly and watched it almost every day. One day, it started to break through a small hole in the cocoon, but it____1 ____greatly. Finally, it seemed it couldn’t succeed.
The boy felt____ 2____for the butterfly because he knew it was going to die if it didn’t get out. So he ran into the house and got a pair of____3____ and cut the cocoon a little. The butterfly came out and was____ 4____.
The only strange thing was that the butterfly had a swollen(肿胀的) body and dry wings. The boy kept waiting for the swelling to go down and for the____5____ to grow, but it didn’t. The butterfly crawled around unable to____6____and then it died an early death.
Therefore, he learned that the butterfly was supposed to struggle to get out of the cocoon. In fact, the struggle to get out of the cocoon____ 7____ the fluid(液体) out of its body and into its wings. Without the ____8____, the butterfly couldn’t grow, and would____9 ____fly. By trying to help the butterfly, the boy ____10____ hurt it.
1. A. struggled B. shouted C. changed D. waved
2. A. ashamed B. satisfied C. happy D. bad
3. A. knives B. trousers C. scissors D. shoes
4. A. free B. dead C. happy D. ugly
5. A. butterfly B. body C. wings D. legs
6. A. walk B. fly C. move D. run
7. A. pulled B. dropped C. pushed D. flowed
8. A. struggle B. difficulty C. body D. fluid
9. A. seldom B. hardly C. ever D. never
10.A. actually B. gradually C. slowly D. generally
答案:1～5 ADCAC6～10 BCADA
解析 通读全文及首句(On the way to school, a little boy found a cocoon(茧)of a butterfly and watched it almost every day.)、尾句(By trying to help the butterfly,the boy 10 hurt it.),可了解文章大意:小男孩对蝴蝶幼虫破茧过程善意的帮助反而害了蝴蝶的故事。
1. A。指蝴蝶的幼虫挣扎着要破茧而出,应选struggled。
2. D。小男孩看到幼虫出不来很难过。feel bad for为……感到难过。
3. C。从后文的cut the cocoon可知他拿的是剪刀。
4. A。出来后就“自由”了,而不是“死”了。
5. C。从第三段第一句的a swollen body and dry wings可知该空应为与the swelling body to go down对应的dry wings to grow。
6. B。由于没有通过破茧的过程,翅膀没发育,幼虫不能飞,所以选fly。
7. C。在破茧而出的过程中,幼虫通过挣扎将液体挤出身体并挤压到翅膀上,应选pushed。
8. A。这里讲需要经过struggle的一个过程,但是如果没有了这个过程(struggle),就不能成长。
9. D。根据逻辑应是“永远也不可能飞”,选never。
10. A。“事实上”,是帮了倒忙。选actually。
●实战练习之二●
艾滋病警报
One out of five adults in southern Africa is living with H-I-V or AIDS. Southern Africa remains the worst affected part of the____1____. But Doctor Piot says there is an increase in parts of western Africa, such as in Burkina Faso, Cameroon and Nigeria.
Sex, infected blood and the sharing of injection needles can all____ 2____ the AIDS virus. AIDS was first____3____ in the nineteen eighties. Now, more____ 4____than men become infected with H-I-V. And Doctor Piot warns that the ability of countries to provide services has dropped as many health workers become____ 5____.
The UN says South Africa had more people with H-I-V at the end of last year than any other____ 6____. It had about five-point-three million____ 7____, around eleven percent of the ____8____.
South Africa says it hopes to have centers____ 9____ in every health district within a year and in every local area within five years. The plan also includes money for____ 10 ____education and training for health care workers.
1. A. nation B. city C. country D. world
2. A. carry B. spread C. contain D. fire
3. A. affected B. invented C. discovered D. hit
4. A. women B. children C. youths D. people
5. A. experienced B. young C. infected D. educated
6. A. country B. world C. continent D. area
7. A. cases B. deaths C. doctors D. nurses
8. A. poor B. men C. women D. population
9. A. close B. open C. work D. train
10. A. crime B. drug C. public D. injection
答案:1～5 DBCAC6～10 AADBC
解析 通读全文及首句(One out of five adults in southern Africa is living with H-I-V or AIDS.)、尾句(The plan also includes money for 10 education and training for health care workers.),可了解文章大意:南部非洲艾滋病的严重情况以及应对计划。
1. D。southern Africa指“南部非洲”,因此是“世界”上受艾滋病影响最严重的地区。
2. B。spread指“(疾病的)传播”。从上下文可知其余选项均不合适。
3. C。discover指“发现(艾滋病)”,invent指“发明”。
4. A。从后文的than men可知应选men的对应词women。
5. C。整句意为“由于很多医护人员受到感染,因此许多国家提供医疗服务的能力下降了”。
6. A。本句中South Africa是指“南非”这个国家,因此应该填上country和它对应。注意South Africa(南非)与southern Africa(南部非洲)的区别。
7. A。cases指“个案,案例”。
8. D。四个选项中population(人口)最具概括性。
9. B。have centers open指“开设艾滋病医疗中心”。
10. C。public education指“公众教育”,和本句的“培训艾滋病医疗人员”并列为两个解决办法。
●实战练习之三●
猜不透的“怪坡”
This year is the two hundredth anniversary of the birth of writer Edgar Allan Poe. Edgar Allan Poe, whose life was____1____ and seemingly unhappy, wrote stories and poems of mystery and____2____ , insanity(疯狂) and death. Edgar went to live with the family of a wealthy Richmond businessman named John Allan after both his parents died. John Allan never officially ____ 3____him as a son, but the boy became known as Edgar Allan Poe.
Edgar Allan Poe did something____4____for writers of his time: he used a narrator in a story to____ 5____what was happening. Edgar Allan Poe is also remembered as the father of modern____6____ fiction, stories of an investigator who has to solve murders and other____ 7____. Arthur Conan Doyle, creator of the fictional detective Sherlock Holmes, wrote about how Poe’s____ 8____other crime writers: “Their main art must trace back to those admirable stories of Monsieur Dupin.” Dupin is a____ 9____ that appears in a series of Allan Poe’s detective stories.
Allan Poe was born in 1809 and died in 1849. Every year on January nineteenth, Poe’s birthday, a man dressed in black ____10____ . His face is covered. He places a bottle of wine and three roses on Poe’s grave. No one really wants to know the visitor’s identity. They prefer that it remain a mystery, much like Edgar Allan Poe himself.
1. A. short B. long C. boring D. simple
2. A. happiness B. science C. society D. terror
3. A. adopted B. adapted C. treated D. considered
4. A. ordinary B. horrible C. favorite D. unusual
5. A. play B. sing C. describe D. recite
6. A. horror B. detective C. love D. adventure
7. A. accidents B. crimes C. events D. incidents
8. A. commented B. influenced C. judged D. criticized
9. A. writer B. poet C. character D. actor
10. A. speaks B. performs C. appears D. dies
答案:1～5 ADADC6～10 BBBCC
解析 通读全文及首句(This year is the two hundredth anniversary of the birth of writer Edgar Allan Poe.)、尾句(They prefer that it remain a mystery, much like Edgar Allan Poe himself.),可了解文章大意:Edgar Allan Poe的生平简介及其侦探小说作品对后世的影响。
1. A。根据and seemingly unhappy与最后一段的“born in 1809 and died in 1849”可知应选A。
2. D。这里填的词应与前后的几个名词“mystery, insanity(疯狂) and death”同类,选D。
3. A。Allan Poe跟了这个商人住,还以这个商人的姓作为部分名字,可见应该是人们预料的收养关系。当然,正如文章所说,他并没有正式收养(adopted)Allan Poe。
4. D。从下一句的“also remembered”可知,Allan Poe肯定是因为这个something而被remember,由此推断是something unusual。
5. C。作者对于故事中所发生的事情当然应当是describe(描述)。
6. B。根据后面的同位语stories of an investigator判断。
7. B。根据“murders and other...”判断,此处应是一个包含murder概念的词,因此选crimes。
8. B。该空可利用9题的反推断。而且此空前的Poe’s是指Poe’s detective fiction,因为8空的四个选项全是动词。
9. C。既然这个Dupin出现在Allan Poe的故事当中,那他肯定就是故事中的人物(character)。而这些作家的作品都可以追溯到Allan Poe故事中的人物了,当然是受到了他的影响(influence)。
10. C。从文中看不出这个人说过话或是表演过,当然也不可能死了,所以C是最合理的答案。
编辑/梁宇清
通读全文并细读首尾句,了解文章大意、关键词
这是做完形填空的第一步,即以快速阅读的方式浏览全文(填空处直接跳过),了解文章大意,把握基本脉络和前后逻辑关系,抓住主题和关键词,为解题做准备。该步骤有利于对语篇有一个整体的了解,可避免断章取义,减少解题时的盲目性。
标准的完形填空一般不会在第一句设空,目的在于给考生提供必要的背景信息。因此,在阅读时要特别注意文章的第一句和最后一句,因为它们通常是文章的主题句,是全文的中心所在。从第一句往往可以窥见作者的写作目的,把握作者的写作思路以及文章将要叙述的内容。而最后一句是作者对文章内容的归纳总结,表明作者的观点和态度,有利于加强考生对文章的理解。
注意:千万不可跳过这一步骤直接填空。
第二步:试填空
联系上下文试填空,利用逻辑推理来排选
在了解文章大意的基础上,联系所填部分的上下文,进行推理。注意前后是否会有暗示。一般来说,前后会出现答案的反义词、同义词或者本身就是答案。完形填空中有些空格的四个选项从词汇搭配、语法和单句的角度考虑均行得通。但由于文章是一个完整的统一体,词、句、段三者存在着内在逻辑关系,此时,需要在上下文中寻找有关的提示或暗示,对文章的情节进行逻辑推理,抓住关键词语,理顺句与句之间的关系,确定合理的答案。
注意:千万不可采取看一空做一题的单项解题法。
第三步:代入答案
代入答案后,复读全文,核对推敲
题目填完后(除个别难度较大的题目外),应利用一到两分钟将答案代入原文通读,通读的目的是通过“语感”来核实答案。这样读下来,不仅可以改正填错的词,而且还可以在这一过程中得到启发,把做不出来的题目填出来。
注意:千万不可忽略“语感”及对篇章的整体把握。
●实战练习之一●
有伤害的帮助
On the way to school, a little boy found a cocoon(茧) of a butterfly and watched it almost every day. One day, it started to break through a small hole in the cocoon, but it____1 ____greatly. Finally, it seemed it couldn’t succeed.
The boy felt____ 2____for the butterfly because he knew it was going to die if it didn’t get out. So he ran into the house and got a pair of____3____ and cut the cocoon a little. The butterfly came out and was____ 4____.
The only strange thing was that the butterfly had a swollen(肿胀的) body and dry wings. The boy kept waiting for the swelling to go down and for the____5____ to grow, but it didn’t. The butterfly crawled around unable to____6____and then it died an early death.
Therefore, he learned that the butterfly was supposed to struggle to get out of the cocoon. In fact, the struggle to get out of the cocoon____ 7____ the fluid(液体) out of its body and into its wings. Without the ____8____, the butterfly couldn’t grow, and would____9 ____fly. By trying to help the butterfly, the boy ____10____ hurt it.
1. A. struggled B. shouted C. changed D. waved
2. A. ashamed B. satisfied C. happy D. bad
3. A. knives B. trousers C. scissors D. shoes
4. A. free B. dead C. happy D. ugly
5. A. butterfly B. body C. wings D. legs
6. A. walk B. fly C. move D. run
7. A. pulled B. dropped C. pushed D. flowed
8. A. struggle B. difficulty C. body D. fluid
9. A. seldom B. hardly C. ever D. never
10.A. actually B. gradually C. slowly D. generally
答案:1～5 ADCAC6～10 BCADA
解析 通读全文及首句(On the way to school, a little boy found a cocoon(茧)of a butterfly and watched it almost every day.)、尾句(By trying to help the butterfly,the boy 10 hurt it.),可了解文章大意:小男孩对蝴蝶幼虫破茧过程善意的帮助反而害了蝴蝶的故事。
1. A。指蝴蝶的幼虫挣扎着要破茧而出,应选struggled。
2. D。小男孩看到幼虫出不来很难过。feel bad for为……感到难过。
3. C。从后文的cut the cocoon可知他拿的是剪刀。
4. A。出来后就“自由”了,而不是“死”了。
5. C。从第三段第一句的a swollen body and dry wings可知该空应为与the swelling body to go down对应的dry wings to grow。
6. B。由于没有通过破茧的过程,翅膀没发育,幼虫不能飞,所以选fly。
7. C。在破茧而出的过程中,幼虫通过挣扎将液体挤出身体并挤压到翅膀上,应选pushed。
8. A。这里讲需要经过struggle的一个过程,但是如果没有了这个过程(struggle),就不能成长。
9. D。根据逻辑应是“永远也不可能飞”,选never。
10. A。“事实上”,是帮了倒忙。选actually。
●实战练习之二●
艾滋病警报
One out of five adults in southern Africa is living with H-I-V or AIDS. Southern Africa remains the worst affected part of the____1____. But Doctor Piot says there is an increase in parts of western Africa, such as in Burkina Faso, Cameroon and Nigeria.
Sex, infected blood and the sharing of injection needles can all____ 2____ the AIDS virus. AIDS was first____3____ in the nineteen eighties. Now, more____ 4____than men become infected with H-I-V. And Doctor Piot warns that the ability of countries to provide services has dropped as many health workers become____ 5____.
The UN says South Africa had more people with H-I-V at the end of last year than any other____ 6____. It had about five-point-three million____ 7____, around eleven percent of the ____8____.
South Africa says it hopes to have centers____ 9____ in every health district within a year and in every local area within five years. The plan also includes money for____ 10 ____education and training for health care workers.
1. A. nation B. city C. country D. world
2. A. carry B. spread C. contain D. fire
3. A. affected B. invented C. discovered D. hit
4. A. women B. children C. youths D. people
5. A. experienced B. young C. infected D. educated
6. A. country B. world C. continent D. area
7. A. cases B. deaths C. doctors D. nurses
8. A. poor B. men C. women D. population
9. A. close B. open C. work D. train
10. A. crime B. drug C. public D. injection
答案:1～5 DBCAC6～10 AADBC
解析 通读全文及首句(One out of five adults in southern Africa is living with H-I-V or AIDS.)、尾句(The plan also includes money for 10 education and training for health care workers.),可了解文章大意:南部非洲艾滋病的严重情况以及应对计划。
1. D。southern Africa指“南部非洲”,因此是“世界”上受艾滋病影响最严重的地区。
2. B。spread指“(疾病的)传播”。从上下文可知其余选项均不合适。
3. C。discover指“发现(艾滋病)”,invent指“发明”。
4. A。从后文的than men可知应选men的对应词women。
5. C。整句意为“由于很多医护人员受到感染,因此许多国家提供医疗服务的能力下降了”。
6. A。本句中South Africa是指“南非”这个国家,因此应该填上country和它对应。注意South Africa(南非)与southern Africa(南部非洲)的区别。
7. A。cases指“个案,案例”。
8. D。四个选项中population(人口)最具概括性。
9. B。have centers open指“开设艾滋病医疗中心”。
10. C。public education指“公众教育”,和本句的“培训艾滋病医疗人员”并列为两个解决办法。
●实战练习之三●
猜不透的“怪坡”
This year is the two hundredth anniversary of the birth of writer Edgar Allan Poe. Edgar Allan Poe, whose life was____1____ and seemingly unhappy, wrote stories and poems of mystery and____2____ , insanity(疯狂) and death. Edgar went to live with the family of a wealthy Richmond businessman named John Allan after both his parents died. John Allan never officially ____ 3____him as a son, but the boy became known as Edgar Allan Poe.
Edgar Allan Poe did something____4____for writers of his time: he used a narrator in a story to____ 5____what was happening. Edgar Allan Poe is also remembered as the father of modern____6____ fiction, stories of an investigator who has to solve murders and other____ 7____. Arthur Conan Doyle, creator of the fictional detective Sherlock Holmes, wrote about how Poe’s____ 8____other crime writers: “Their main art must trace back to those admirable stories of Monsieur Dupin.” Dupin is a____ 9____ that appears in a series of Allan Poe’s detective stories.
Allan Poe was born in 1809 and died in 1849. Every year on January nineteenth, Poe’s birthday, a man dressed in black ____10____ . His face is covered. He places a bottle of wine and three roses on Poe’s grave. No one really wants to know the visitor’s identity. They prefer that it remain a mystery, much like Edgar Allan Poe himself.
1. A. short B. long C. boring D. simple
2. A. happiness B. science C. society D. terror
3. A. adopted B. adapted C. treated D. considered
4. A. ordinary B. horrible C. favorite D. unusual
5. A. play B. sing C. describe D. recite
6. A. horror B. detective C. love D. adventure
7. A. accidents B. crimes C. events D. incidents
8. A. commented B. influenced C. judged D. criticized
9. A. writer B. poet C. character D. actor
10. A. speaks B. performs C. appears D. dies
答案:1～5 ADADC6～10 BBBCC
解析 通读全文及首句(This year is the two hundredth anniversary of the birth of writer Edgar Allan Poe.)、尾句(They prefer that it remain a mystery, much like Edgar Allan Poe himself.),可了解文章大意:Edgar Allan Poe的生平简介及其侦探小说作品对后世的影响。
1. A。根据and seemingly unhappy与最后一段的“born in 1809 and died in 1849”可知应选A。
2. D。这里填的词应与前后的几个名词“mystery, insanity(疯狂) and death”同类,选D。
3. A。Allan Poe跟了这个商人住,还以这个商人的姓作为部分名字,可见应该是人们预料的收养关系。当然,正如文章所说,他并没有正式收养(adopted)Allan Poe。
4. D。从下一句的“also remembered”可知,Allan Poe肯定是因为这个something而被remember,由此推断是something unusual。
5. C。作者对于故事中所发生的事情当然应当是describe(描述)。
6. B。根据后面的同位语stories of an investigator判断。
7. B。根据“murders and other...”判断,此处应是一个包含murder概念的词,因此选crimes。
8. B。该空可利用9题的反推断。而且此空前的Poe’s是指Poe’s detective fiction,因为8空的四个选项全是动词。
9. C。既然这个Dupin出现在Allan Poe的故事当中,那他肯定就是故事中的人物(character)。而这些作家的作品都可以追溯到Allan Poe故事中的人物了,当然是受到了他的影响(influence)。
10. C。从文中看不出这个人说过话或是表演过,当然也不可能死了,所以C是最合理的答案。
编辑/梁宇清