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为探讨小麦粒重基因TaCwi-A1等位变异TaCwi-A1a和TaCwi-A1b在育种实践中的应用价值,首先利用TaCwi-A1功能标记对539份黄淮麦区小麦品种(系)进行分子检测,确定各供试材料的等位变异类型,从而获得TaCwi-A1a和TaCwi-A1b 2种等位变异的分布频率。对审定品种、参加区试品系以及自育品系进行了千粒质量(3个不同生长环境)及粒长、粒宽和籽粒面积(1个生长环境)测试分析,比较TaCwi-A1a和TaCwi-A1b等位变异籽粒表型性状的差异性。结果表明,在539份黄淮麦区小麦资源中TaCwi-A1a的分布频率为65.03%,TaCwi-A1b的分布频率为34.97%,TaCwi-A1a的分布频率明显高于TaCwi-A1b。籽粒表型性状分析表明,无论是审定品种,还是参加区试品系和自育品系,在3个生长环境下,TaCwi-A1a基因型材料的千粒质量均值都显著高于TaCwi-A1b;TaCwi-A1a基因型材料的粒长和粒宽均显著高于TaCwi-A1b。进一步验证了TaCwi-A1a等位变异的籽粒表型性状增效功能,说明其对粒重及其构成要素是优异的等位变异。此外,本研究鉴定了黄淮麦区中TaCwi-A1等位变异的分布情况,为亲本选配提供了参考。
In order to investigate the application value of TaCwi-A1a and TaCwi-A1b alleles in wheat breeding, 539 Hanyuai wheat varieties (lines) were detected by TaCwi-A1 functional marker. The types of allelic variation of the tested materials were determined to obtain the distribution frequency of the two kinds of allelic variations of TaCwi-A1a and TaCwi-A1b. One thousand grain quality (three different growth environments) and grain length, grain width and grain area (one growth environment) were tested and analyzed for the examined varieties, the participating district test strains and the self-cultivating lines. The results of TaCwi-A1a and TaCwi-A1b Variation of Phenotypic Traits in Allelic Variation. The results showed that the distribution frequency of TaCwi-A1a, TaCwi-A1a and TaCwi-A1a was 65.03% and 34.97% respectively in 539 Huanghuai wheat regions. The distribution frequency of TaCwi-A1a was significantly higher than that of TaCwi-A1b. The analysis of grain phenotypic traits showed that the mean grain weight of TaCwi-A1a genotypes was significantly higher than that of TaCwi-A1b in three growth environments, whether it was validated varieties, The length and width of A1a genotypes were significantly higher than that of TaCwi-A1b. The synergistic effect of TaCwi-A1a allelic variation on grain phenotypic traits was further verified, indicating that it is an excellent allelic variation on grain weight and its components. In addition, the distribution of TaCwi-A1 alleles in Huanghuai wheat area was identified in this study, which provides a reference for parental matching.