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调控因子与基因组DNA的结合能够保护相关的基因序列不被胰脱氧核糖核酸酶(DNase I)剪切,并留下具有核苷酸解析度的“足迹(footprint)”。Neph等用基因组DNase I足迹法处理41种不同的细胞和组织,检测了4 500万个位于调控区的转录因子占位事件(代表840万个不同短序列元件的差异结合)。他们发现这些小的基因组序列区间(粗略估计两倍于外显子的长度)编码了一系列
Binding of regulatory elements to genomic DNA protects the relevant gene sequence from being cleaved by DNase I and leaves a “footprint” with nucleotide resolution. Neph et al. Treated 41 different cells and tissues using genomic DNase I footprinting and detected 45 million transcription factor loci (representing differential binding of 8.4 million different short sequence elements) in the regulatory region. They found that these small genomic sequence intervals (roughly estimated twice the length of the exons) encoded a series of