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1870年Simon首次提出经背部直切口行肾脏手术,以后Lurz和Gil-Vernet扩大了这种切口的手术范围。其优点是快速、显露好和并发症少。适用于双肾切除、开放性肾活检、肾脏良性病变的单纯性肾切除、肾盂及输尿管上1/3切开取石术、肾盂成形术。行双侧肾切除时,病人取俯卧位,手术台向上折屈,以增加12肋和髂嵴间的距离;单侧手术时,取侧卧位,手术台同样向上折屈,以扩大腰部区域。沿骶棘肌边缘作直切口,始于12肋上缘,稍侧向髂嵴下缘。分离骶棘肌和腰方肌旁的腰背筋膜。如切断12肋上的肋椎韧带,用自动拉钩扩大手术野,显露更佳。勿损
In 1870, Simon first proposed kidney surgery with a straight back incision, and Lurz and Gil-Vernet later expanded the scope of this incision. Its advantage is rapid, revealing good and less complications. For double nephrectomy, open renal biopsy, nephrotic simple nephrectomy, renal pelvis and ureter on the 1/3 incision lithotomy, pyeloplasty. Line bilateral nephrectomy, the patient take the prone position, the operating table upward flexion, in order to increase the distance between the 12 ribs and the iliac crest; unilateral surgery, the lateral position, the same upward flexion and extension of the operating table to expand the waist area . Along the edge of the sacral spine muscle straight incision, began in 12 ribs on the edge, slightly lateral lower edge of the iliac crest. Separation of sacral spine muscle and lumbar muscle next to the back fascia. Such as cutting off the ribs on the 12 ribs, with automatic retraction of the surgical field to expand, revealed better. Do not damage