研究早稻洪涝气象指标对实时开展区域早稻洪涝灾害监测预警与评估具有现实意义。本文以湖南省早稻为研究对象,利用湖南省68个气象站点1961—2010年逐日气象资料、早稻灾情史料,以及早稻生育期资料,筛选基于水稻生育时段、洪涝等级、过程降水量的洪涝灾害样本385个,得到早稻移栽-拔节期、孕穗-抽穗期、乳熟-成熟期的轻、中、重度灾害样本集合9组。采用K-S检验法和学生氏t-分布置信区间方法界定早稻不同生育时段、不同等级洪涝灾害的过程降水量指标阈值,构建基于生育时段的湖南早稻洪涝等级指标,进行独立样本验证。依据建立的洪涝等级指标和Arc GIS技术,分析1961—2010年湖南早稻各生育时段洪涝的时空分布特征。结果表明:各生育时段轻度、中度、重度洪涝下限阈值分别为移栽-拔节期,129、154、241 mm;孕穗-抽穗期,135、170、260 mm;乳熟-成熟期,145、190、295 mm。指标验证结果与历史记录有较好的一致性;1961年以来湖南早稻总洪涝次数总体呈现增加趋势,重度洪涝主要发生在岳阳北部和郴州南部地区;移栽-拔节期洪涝主要发生在湘东及湘南地区,孕穗-抽穗期洪涝主要位于湘东与湘中地区,乳熟-成熟期洪涝主要位于湘东北和湘中以北地区;20世纪90年代是湖南近50年早稻洪涝灾害最为严重的年代,全生育期间均有高频次、高强度的洪涝发生;2000年后早稻在移栽-拔节期和孕穗-抽穗期洪涝主发区有所变化,前者增加了湘中部地区,后者增加了湘中东部至南部地区。 Studying the meteorological indicators of early floods has practical significance in carrying out the monitoring, early warning and assessment of flood and drought disasters in the region in real time. Based on daily meteorological data of 68 meteorological stations in Hunan Province from 1961 to 2010, historical data of early rice disasters and growth period of early rice in Hunan Province, this paper selected flood-catastrophe samples based on rice growth period, flood level and process rainfall There were 9 groups of light, moderate and severe disasters collected during the early rice transplanting-jointing, booting-heading, milking-maturing stages. K-S test and Student’s t-distribution confidence interval method were used to define the threshold value of precipitation during different growth stages and flood disasters in early rice. The index of flood-waterlogging grade of early rice in Hunan was constructed based on the growth period, and the independent samples were used for validation. Based on the established index of flood water level and Arc GIS technology, the spatial and temporal distribution of floods in early growing rice in Hunan from 1961 to 2010 was analyzed. The results showed that the minimum, medium and severe flood thresholds of each stage were transplanting-jointing stage, 129,154,241 mm, booting-heading stage, 135,170,260 mm, milk-maturing-maturing stage, 145 , 190,295 mm. The result of indicator verification is in good agreement with historical records. The total number of floods in early rice in Hunan showed an increasing trend since 1961. Severe flooding mainly occurred in northern Yueyang and southern Chenzhou. Floods in transplanting-jointing stage occurred mainly in eastern Hunan and In southern Hunan, floods at booting and heading stages were mainly located in eastern Hunan and central Hunan, while floods at milky maturity and maturity were mainly located in northeastern Hunan and north of central Hunan. In the 1990s, floods in Hunan during the past 50 years were the most serious in the early 50 years During the whole growth period, high-frequency and high-intensity floods occurred. After 2000, the main areas of floodplain in transplanting-jointing stage and booting-heading stage were changed. The former increased the area of ​​central Hunan and the latter increased Central Hunan to the southern region.