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脂蛋白（ａ）［Ｌｐ（ａ）］是一种与低密度脂蛋白类似的脂蛋白，其特殊处在于多含一种具明显多态性的糖蛋白──载脂蛋白（ａ）［Ａｐｏ（ａ）］。Ａｐｏ（ａ）与血浆纤溶酶原有很大同源性。Ｌｐ（ａ）由肝合成，其分解可能主要经非特异途径。Ａｐｏ（ａ）大小及血浆Ｌｐ（ａ）浓度主要由Ａｐｏ（ａ）基因决定。Ｌｐ（ａ）易沉积于血管壁，并可促进平滑肌细胞生长及抑制纤维蛋白溶解，这可能是其促动脉粥样硬化和血栓形成的机理所在。Ｌｐ（ａ）的生理功能尚不清楚。
Lipoprotein (a) [Lp (a)] is a type of lipoprotein that is similar to low-density lipoproteins. It is distinguished by the presence of a polymorphic apoprotein (a) [Apo (A)]. Apo (a) and plasma plasminogen have great homology. Lp (a) is synthesized by the liver and its breakdown may be mainly via a non-specific pathway. Apo (a) size and plasma Lp (a) concentrations are mainly determined by the Apo (a) gene. Lp (a) is easily deposited on the vascular wall and can promote the growth of smooth muscle cells and inhibit the fibrinolysis, which may be its mechanism of promoting atherosclerosis and thrombosis. The physiological function of Lp (a) is not clear.