骨髓间质干细胞是多能细胞 ,可分化成为间质组织 ,包括骨、软骨、脂肪、肌腱、肌肉和骨髓基质。在体外培养时 ,细胞贴附生长 ,呈成纤维样细胞表型 ,通过诱导可分化为成骨细胞、软骨细胞、脂肪细胞或肌肉细胞等。本文综述间质干细胞在体内和体外定向分化的研究进展 ,并探讨其应用前景。 Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells are pluripotent cells that differentiate into interstitial tissue, including bone, cartilage, fat, tendons, muscle and bone marrow stroma. In vitro culture, the cells attached to growth, fibroblast-like phenotype, through the induction of differentiation into osteoblasts, chondrocytes, adipocytes or muscle cells. This review summarizes the research progress of mesenchymal stem cells in vitro and in vivo, and explores its application prospects.