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目的了解天津市城市居民的健康素养水平,为制定相关健康政策以及有针对性地在城市社区开展健康素养干预提供依据。方法使用与人口规模成比例的整群抽样方法抽样以区、街道、居委会为抽样单位,在每个抽中的居委会采用随机抽样方法抽取70个家庭户,每个家庭户采用KISH表法抽取1名15~69岁常住人口为调查对象,每个居委会完成50份调查问卷。结果天津市城市居民具备健康素养的比例为13.12%,具备基本知识和理念、健康生活方式与行为、基本技能三方面素养的比例分别为27.87%、22.45%和14.40%。不同性别城市居民在基本知识和理念素养、健康生活方式和基本技能方面差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。不同年龄段和文化程度的城市居民总的健康素养和3个方面健康素养水平的差异均有统计学意义(P<0.01)。天津市城市居民具备相关健康素养的比例由高到低分别为安全与急救素养59.61%,科学健康观素养40.37%,信息获取素养31.93%,传染病预防素养27.15%,慢性病预防素养19.48%,基本医疗素养11.14%。结论天津城市居民健康素养水平较低,应广泛利用各种新兴媒体及其他手段宣传健康素养知识和技能,提高居民的整体健康素养水平。
Objective To understand the level of health literacy of urban residents in Tianjin and provide the basis for formulating relevant health policies and targeted health literacy intervention in urban communities. Method Sampling was conducted by using cluster sampling method proportional to the population size. District, neighborhood and neighborhood committees were sampled, and 70 households were drawn by random sampling in neighborhood committees of each extraction. Each household adopted KISH table to extract 1 Fifteen to 69-year-old resident population surveyed, each neighborhood completed 50 questionnaires. Results The proportion of urban residents with health literacy in Tianjin was 13.12%. The proportions of literacy and literacy with basic knowledge and philosophy, healthy lifestyles and behaviors, and basic skills were 27.87%, 22.45% and 14.40% respectively. There was no significant difference in basic knowledge, concept literacy, healthy life style and basic skills between residents of different genders (P> 0.05). The differences of total health literacy and health literacy of urban residents in different age groups and educational level were statistically significant (P <0.01). The proportions of urban residents with relevant health literatures in Tianjin ranged from high to low 59.61% for safety and first aid, 40.37% for scientific health concept, 31.93% for information access, 27.15% for infectious disease prevention and 19.48% for chronic disease prevention, Medical literacy 11.14%. Conclusion The urban residents in Tianjin have a low level of health literacy. Various emerging media and other means should be widely used to publicize the knowledge and skills of health literacy so as to improve the overall health literacy of residents.