目的:评估未经诱导的自体骨髓单个核细胞移植于兔的心肌梗死区及周边区后对心脏功能的影响,并观察移植后细胞的存活情况。方法:采用结扎日本大耳雄兔左冠状动脉前降支的方法建立急性心肌梗死模型。将40只存活兔随机分为2组:移植组、对照组,每组各20只,其中移植组于术后第7天在梗死区及周边区注射0.7mL含3.41×107个自体骨髓单个核细胞的细胞悬液移植,而对照组仅在相同的部位注射等量的生理盐水。心梗前后以及细胞移植后6周,利用彩色多普勒超声心动仪评价心脏功能的改变,然后收集动物心脏,进行组织学及免疫组织化学检查。结果:心肌梗死前后,移植组与对照组的心脏功能相比较,差异无显著性意义(P>0.05)。细胞移植后,移植组的心脏射血分数、左室短轴缩短率、左室壁运动幅度、左室壁收缩末期厚度及舒张末期厚度、左室壁增厚率明显高于对照组(t=2.98～6.50,P<0.01),心室率犤(249.08±28.52)次/min〗明显低于对照组犤(269.75±5.21)次/min犦(t=2.24,P<0.05)。移植组梗死心肌及周边区内可以观察到移植细胞的存活。结论:自体骨髓单个核细胞移植可以改善发生了急性梗死的心脏功能并在心肌的梗死区及周边区存活。 OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effect of non-induced autologous bone marrow mononuclear cells transplanted on myocardial infarction and peripheral areas in rabbits after cardiac transplantation and observe the survival of the cells after transplantation. Methods: Acute myocardial infarction model was established by ligating left anterior descending coronary artery of Japanese big-ear male rabbits. Forty surviving rabbits were randomly divided into 2 groups: transplantation group and control group, 20 rats in each group. In the transplantation group, 0.7 mL single nucleus containing 3.41 × 107 autologous bone marrow Cells were transplanted into the cell suspension, while the control group was injected with the same amount of saline only at the same site. Six weeks after myocardial infarction and cardiac transplantation, the changes of cardiac function were evaluated by color Doppler echocardiography, and then the heart of the animal was collected for histological and immunohistochemical examination. Results: Before and after myocardial infarction, there was no significant difference in cardiac function between the transplantation group and the control group (P> 0.05). Cardiac ejection fraction, shortening rate of left ventricular short axis, amplitude of left ventricular wall, thickness of left ventricular end-systole and thickness of end-diastole in the transplantation group were significantly higher than those in the control group (t = 2.98 ~ 6.50, P <0.01), and ventricular rate 犤 (249.08 ± 28.52) times / min was significantly lower than that in control group (269.75 ± 5.21) / min 犦 (t = 2.24, P <0.05). Survival of transplanted cells can be observed in infarcted myocardium and surrounding area in transplantation group. CONCLUSION: Autologous bone marrow mononuclear cell transplantation can improve cardiac function in patients with acute infarction and survive in the infarct and peripheral regions of the myocardium.