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支气管哮喘(简称哮喘)归类于变态反应性疾病。哮喘是由多种因素引起支气管高反应性,导致气道广泛性狭窄与气道阻力增加的一个病理生理过程。哮喘起因于多种因素,病因是一个复杂的问题,一般公认的分为两类,即外源性和内源性哮喘。由于过敏因素在哮喘发病机理上起着主要作用,人们把引起变态反应的物质称为致敏原。多数作者根据致敏原的不同来源又将哮喘分为三类:(1)外源性——特应性;(2)内源性——感染性;(3)混合性。
Bronchial asthma (asthma) is classified as an allergic disease. Asthma is a pathophysiological process that causes multiple bronchial hyperresponsiveness resulting in extensive airway stenosis and increased airway resistance. Asthma is caused by a variety of factors, the etiology is a complex problem that is generally accepted as falling into two categories, extrinsic and endogenous asthma. As allergic factors play a major role in the pathogenesis of asthma, people call allergens the substances that cause allergies. Most authors categorize asthma into three groups based on different sources of allergens: (1) exogenous - atopic; (2) endogenous - infectious; (3) mixed.