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为探究种植密度对玉米叶片空间分布特点的影响,2014年于新疆兵团第四师71团6连试验地种植了3个具有代表性的高产春玉米品种先玉335(XY335)、登海618(DH618)和KWS1568,设置了15000株/hm2(D1)、60000株/hm2(D2)、120000株/hm2(D3)、180000株/hm2(D4)4个密度水平,根据试验结果 分析了玉米叶片叶面积空间分布特点、单株玉米叶面积最大值及其所在的叶位、产量变化及产量构成因素。结果表明:各玉米品种单株叶面积空间垂直分布呈单峰曲线,在植株的基部和顶端叶面积较小,中部叶面积较大;不同密度条件下,中部叶片叶面积较其他部位变化显著。随着密度的增加,单株叶面积垂直分布越来越紧凑;随着密度的增加,3个春玉米品种DH618、KWS1568和XY335的产量呈现出先增加后减小的趋势,在D3处理下获得最大产量。因此,合理密植通过调控群体与个体间的关系,使得冠层获得最适的空间结构从而产生最多的光合产物,可达到高产的目的。
In order to investigate the effect of plant density on the spatial distribution of maize leaves, three representative high-yielding spring corn varieties, Xiangyu 335 (XY335) and Denghai 618 DH618 and KWS1568, four density levels of 15,000 plants / hm2 (D1), 60,000 plants / hm2 (D2), 120,000 plants / hm2 (D3) and 180,000 plants / hm2 (D4) were set. According to the test results, The spatial distribution characteristics of leaf area, the maximum leaf area per plant and its leaf position, yield and yield components. The results showed that the vertical distribution of leaf area per plant was single peaked curve, and the leaf area at the top and bottom of the plant was smaller and the leaf area at the middle was larger. Under different densities, the leaf area of middle leaves changed significantly compared with other parts. With the increase of density, the vertical distribution of plant leaf area became more and more compact. With the increase of density, the yield of three spring maize varieties DH618, KWS1568 and XY335 tended to increase first and then decrease, and reached the maximum Yield. Therefore, reasonable close planting by controlling the relationship between groups and individuals, making the canopy to obtain the most appropriate spatial structure to produce the most photosynthetic products, can achieve the purpose of high yield.