文学作品应该有一个明确的主题,这多年来在我国文学界被认为是天经地义的。但是随着新时期文学的发展,“越来越多的作品使我们在读完后,感到抓不住主题了。主题似平逸失了,主题似乎逃跑了”。终于使敏感的文论者认识到了“主题的不可概括性、不可确定、不可言传”①。其实,我们回头去看看,这种主题的模糊性,不仅存在于近年来的小说,也是古今中外文学史上的事实。毫无疑问,有的作品有明确的主 Literary works should have a clear theme, which for many years in our literature is considered to be perfectly justified. However, with the development of literature in the new era, “more and more works have left us unable to grasp the theme after reading it, and the theme seems to be flat and the theme seems to have escaped.” Finally, sensitized literary critics realized that “the topic can not be generalized, indefinable, and unspeakable.” Actually, we go back and look at the ambiguity of this theme not only in the novels of recent years, but also in the history of ancient and modern Chinese and foreign literature. There is no doubt that some works have a clear Lord