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倒塌试验是研究结构抗倒塌性能的重要手段,可通过敏感性构件破断后剩余结构的响应来推断其抗倒塌能力.不同结构的敏感性构件不同,如框架结构的柱、桁架结构的弦杆、张弦结构的索等,选取合适的构件失效装置是倒塌试验成功的关键.对近年来各类构件的失效装置进行汇总分析,从工作原理、适用范围等方面进行讨论,归纳出6种失效装置类型,并阐述了各类装置的优缺点.文末对失效装置的发展前景进行展望,指出了其应具有的基本特征,即瞬时性、可控性及安全性.
Collapse test is an important means to study the anti-collapse performance of the structure, and the anti-collapse ability can be inferred by the response of the residual structure after the broken of the sensitive component.Different structures have different sensitivity components, such as the column of the frame structure, the chord of the truss structure, String structure of the cable, select the appropriate component failure device is the key to the success of the collapse test.To analyze the failure devices of various components in recent years, from the working principle and scope of application to discuss, summed up the six failure devices Types, and expounds the advantages and disadvantages of various devices.At the end of this article, the prospect of the development of the failed devices is forecasted, and its basic characteristics, ie, instantaneous, controllability and safety, are pointed out.