目的：探讨肿瘤溶解综合征（ＴＬＳ）的临床表现及其防治。方法：对６ 例化疗后并发ＴＬＳ患者临床特征及生化指标进行分析。结果：ＴＬＳ主要表现为少尿、恶心、呕吐，高尿酸、高钾、高磷、低钙及不同程度的肾功能损害，部分患者迅速发生多脏器衰竭，危及生命。应用别嘌呤醇及静脉碱化水化利尿等措施，４ 例短期内恢复正常，１例改善较慢，１ 例死亡。结论：ＴＬＳ应注重预防，治疗的关键为早期应用别嘌呤醇及静脉碱化利尿。 Objective: To explore the clinical manifestation and prevention and treatment of tumor lysis syndrome (TLS). Methods: Clinical characteristics and biochemical parameters of 6 patients with TLS complicated by chemotherapy were analyzed. Results: The main manifestations of TLS were oliguria, nausea, vomiting, high uric acid, high potassium, high phosphorus, low calcium, and varying degrees of renal impairment. Some patients quickly suffered multiple organ failure and were life-threatening. Allopurinol and intravenous basal hydration and diuresis were used. Four patients recovered to normal in the short term, one patient improved slowly, and one patient died. Conclusion: TLS should focus on prevention. The key to treatment is early application of allopurinol and intravenous alkalization and diuresis.