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本文研究了6种不同结构的烷基膦酸二烷基酯对于U(Ⅵ),Pu(Ⅳ)的萃取行为,分别用离子交换法和萃取法测定了1.0mol/l HNO_3中U(Ⅵ)和Pu(Ⅳ)的络合度,求出了不同温度下各种萃取剂萃取U(Ⅵ)和Pu(Ⅳ)的表观平衡常数以及萃取过程的热力学函数△H,△G,△S。结果表明,不同取代基的萃取剂在萃取能力上的差别主要来自取代基的空间位阻效应,具有一定空间位阻的萃取剂可以在一定程度上改善U(Ⅵ)和Pu(Ⅳ)的萃取分离。
In this paper, the extraction behavior of U (Ⅵ) and Pu (Ⅳ) by alkyl dialkyl phosphonates with different structures was studied. The ion exchange and extraction of U (Ⅵ) and U And Pu (Ⅳ), the apparent equilibrium constants of U (Ⅵ) and Pu (Ⅳ) extracted by various extractants and the thermodynamic functions △ H, △ G and △ S of extraction process were obtained. The results showed that the extraction ability of different substituents was mainly due to the steric effect of the substituents. The extractant with some steric hindrance could improve the extraction of U (Ⅵ) and Pu (Ⅳ) to a certain extent Separated.