据1980年的统计,世界总人口已达50亿。在过去的短短20年里,世界上就增加了15亿人。这一人口爆炸集中表现在大规模的都市化过程中。城市已经成为人们的一种特殊的生活形式,并且在以往几百年的历史中,深刻地影响着人们的生活、文化和法律观念,城市实际上是政治的中心。同时,城市生活也影响到人们的身心健康,因此,关于居民身心健康的研究就成了卫生学最重要的领域。 According to the statistics of 1980, the total population of the world has reached 5 billion. In the last 20 years, there have been an increase of 1.5 billion people in the world. This population explosion concentrated in the process of large-scale urbanization. Cities have become a special form of life for people, and in the hundreds of years of history they have profoundly influenced people’s perceptions of life, culture and law, and cities are in fact the center of politics. At the same time, urban life also affects people’s physical and mental health, so the study on residents’ physical and mental health has become the most important area of ​​hygiene.