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糖尿病的问题主要有两点,胰岛素分泌不足和身体对胰岛素反应不佳,后者又称胰岛素抵抗。口服降糖药就是为解决这两个问题而设计的。解决胰岛素不足问题的口服降糖药包括磺脲药和苯甲酸衍生物两种;减轻胰岛素抵抗,减少糖分吸收的药物则包括双胍药、葡萄糖苷酶抑制剂、噻唑烷二酮。 磺脲类的主要作用是刺激胰岛素释放,使身体产生足够的胰岛素以利于血糖的下降。所以,磺脲药的适用对象是血糖比较高,但还有潜在胰岛素分泌能力的2型糖尿病病人。临床常用的磺脲药包括甲磺丁脲(D860)、格列齐特(达美康)、格列喹酮(糖适平)、格列吡嗪(美吡达、迪沙片)、格列苯脲(优降糖)和格列美脲。其中美吡达是一种很好的磺脲类降糖药,符合好的口服降糖药的全部条件——
There are two main problems with diabetes, insulin insufficiency and the body’s poor response to insulin, which is also known as insulin resistance. Oral hypoglycemic agents are designed to solve these two problems. Oral hypoglycemic agents that address insulin deficiencies include both sulfonylureas and benzoic acid derivatives; and drugs that reduce insulin resistance and reduce sugar absorption include biguanides, glucosidase inhibitors, and thiazolidinediones. The main role of sulfonylureas is to stimulate the release of insulin, the body produce enough insulin to facilitate the decline of blood sugar. Therefore, sulfonylurea is suitable for patients with high blood sugar, but also potential insulin secretion in patients with type 2 diabetes. Common clinical sulfonylureas include metribuzin (D860), gliclazide (dumexang), gliquidone (glyburide), glipizide Beniline (glyburide) and glimepiride. One of the United States Pida is a good sulfonylurea hypoglycemic agents, in line with good oral hypoglycemic agents all the conditions -