Excited-state singlet oxygen (1O2), generated during photodynamic therapy (PDT), is believed to be the primary cytotoxic agent with a number of clinically approved photosensitizers. Its relative concentration in cells or tissues can
Noninvasive glucose monitoring development is critical for diabetic patient continuous monitoring. However, almost all the available devices are invasive and painful. Noninvasive methods such as using spectroscopy have shown some good results. Unfortunate