小儿肺炎病程超过1个月者,临床称为迁延性肺炎。病程迁延的主要原因有:(1)原有营养不良、佝偻病、先天性心脏病(左向右分流)或肺结核致使机体低抗力下降;(2)病毒感染引起的间质性肺炎以及霉菌性肺炎、类脂性肺炎;(3)免疫缺陷:包括体液及细胞免疫缺陷、补体缺乏、白细胞吞噬功能缺陷;(4)其他;如坠入支气管的异物,以及呼吸道形态及功能异常等。本文结合临床实践谈谈小儿迁延性肺炎的治疗体会。一、加强支持疗法积极寻找和治疗伴随疾病 1.伴有营养不良、佝偻病、贫血、肺结核等疾病时应予以相应的治疗。 2.少量多次输鲜血或血浆,用量5ml/kg/次,必要时3～5日后可重复一次。注意输注速度宜慢,以免加重心脏负担。 Pediatric pneumonia duration of more than 1 month, clinically called persistent pneumonia. Prolonged course of the disease are: (1) the original malnutrition, rickets, congenital heart disease (left-to-right shunt) or pulmonary tuberculosis caused by the body’s low resistance decreased; (2) virus infection caused by interstitial pneumonia and fungal pneumonia , Lipid pneumonia; (3) immunodeficiency: including humoral and cellular immune defects, lack of complement, leukocyte phagocytosis defects; (4) others; such as falling into the bronchial foreign body, and respiratory morphology and dysfunction. This article combined with clinical practice talk about the treatment of pediatric persistent pneumonia. First, to strengthen the supportive treatment Actively seek and treat accompanying disease 1 accompanied by malnutrition, rickets, anemia, tuberculosis and other diseases should be treated accordingly. 2. A small amount of blood or plasma infusion for many times, the amount of 5ml / kg / time, if necessary, 3 to 5 days after the repeat. Note that infusion speed should be slow, so as not to aggravate the heart burden.