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氟骨症是一种世界范围内多个国家流行的地方病，我国是地方性氟中毒严重流行的国家之一。氟骨症的典型病理改变为骨组织的骨转换加速，在此过程中大量转录因子、信号蛋白以及信号通路表达异常，但具体机制尚不完全明确。微小RNA（miRNA，miR）是单链非编码RNA分子，参与基因转录后水平调控。研究表明，miRNA能够调控成骨细胞和破骨细胞的增殖和分化，是生物器官发育和骨代谢疾病的重要调控因子。故针对miRNA在氟骨症发生发展过程中可能发挥的作用进行探讨，为进一步研究氟骨症的发病机制提供思路与方向。“,”Skeletal fluorosis is an endemic disease prevalent in many countries in the world. China is one of the countries most affected by endemic fluorosis. The typical pathological change of skeletal fluorosis is accelerated bone turnover in bone tissue, during which a large number of transcription factors, signaling proteins and signaling pathways are expressed abnormally. However, the specific mechanism is not completely clear. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are single-stranded non-coding RNA molecules involved in post-transcriptional regulation of genes. Studies have shown that miRNA can regulate the proliferation and differentiation of osteoblasts and osteoclasts, and is an important regulator of biological organ development and bone metabolic diseases. In this paper, the possible role of miRNA in the occurrence and development of skeletal fluorosis was discussed to provide ideas and directions for further study on the pathogenesis of skeletal fluorosis.