【目的】研究抚养人与幼儿的语言沟通方式对1~3岁前儿童词汇发育的影响。【方法】随机选择上海青浦地区6个社区562名儿童,年龄为13~36个月,用问卷方式了解主要教养人的情况、与幼儿的语言沟通方式和儿童词汇表达量。【结果】①抚养人的沟通方式是影响1~3岁儿童词汇发育的最主要因素。共同参与儿童的活动,及时应答儿童的讲话,诱导其说话,并在其看书和看电视时作讲解,睡前为儿童讲完整的故事均有利于表达性词汇发育;②抚养人文化程度的高低,每天与儿童玩耍时间的多少并不影响3岁前儿童的词汇发育,但男性抚养人更利于1~3岁儿童词汇的发育,建议男性多参与儿童的养育;③幼儿每天看电视1.5~2 h,并同时有家长的陪伴和解说对词汇发育的积极作用是肯定的。【结论】抚养人与幼儿的沟通方式对1~3岁儿童表达性词汇的发育有重要的影响。 【Objective】 To study the effect of language communication between supporters and young children on the development of children’s vocabulary before the age of 1 ~ 3 years old. 【Methods】 A total of 562 children from 6 communities in Qingpu District of Shanghai were randomly selected, aged 13-36 months. The questionnaires were used to find out the main educators, the language communication with children and the expression of children’s vocabulary. 【Results】 ① The mode of communication between the supporters is the most important factor affecting the development of vocabulary in children aged 1-3 years. Participate in the activities of children together, respond to the children’s speech promptly, induce them to speak, and explain when reading and watching TV. The complete story before going to bed for children is conducive to the development of expressive vocabulary; , The number of playing with children each day does not affect the vocabulary development of children before 3 years of age, but male dependents are more conducive to the development of children aged 1-3 years of vocabulary, it is recommended that men take part in child-rearing; ③ children watch TV 1.5 ~ 2 h, and at the same time, the positive role of parents in companionship and explanation on lexical development is affirmed. 【Conclusion】 The mode of communication between supporters and young children has an important influence on the development of expressive words in children aged 1-3 years.