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【名师简介】昝亚娟,河南省首批中小学正高级教师,河南师范大学教育硕士指导教师,郑州市首届十大杰出教师,郑州首批名师工作室主持人,河南省级名师,河南省中小学教师教育专家。
临近高考,你还在海量刷题获取经验值吗?由于高考所考查的基础知识都源自高中教材,因此考生务必回归教材,对高中阶段所学的英语知识进行系统的回顾和梳理。回归课本进行系统复习时,考生应从以下几个方面入手:
01回归教材之词汇、短语
由于大多数英语单词和词组在教材中反复出现,并且高考也是取材于课本,因此阅读课文是复习词汇和短语的有效途径。
【教材原句】The latter gave a separate identity to Am-erican English spelling.(人教必修Book 1 P10)
【译文】后者使美式英语的拼写有了独特的个性。
【考例1】He gave himself a new name to hide his ___ when he went to carry out the secret task.(2015湖北)
A. emotion B. talent C. identity D. treasure
【教材原句】Just as I tried to make the necessary adju-stment to this new situation, Wang Ping appeared. (人教必修Book 5 P18)
【译文】正当我尽量做出调整,以适应新环境时,王平出现了。
【考例2】Some schools will have to make ________ in agreement with the national soccer reform.(2015江苏)
A. judgments B. adjustments
C. comments D. Achievements
【教材原句】I think it’s important to have a balance between study and a social life, so I’m going to join a few clubs.(人教选修 Book 7 P 39)
【译文】我认为,在学习和社交方面保持平衡很重要,因此我打算加入几个社团。
【考例3】When he was running after his brother, the boy lost his _______ and had a bad fall.(2015湖北)
A. balance B. chance C. memory D. place
考生习惯拿着英语单词表或字典来背单词,其实,记单词最有效的方法就是在语境中记忆单词和词组,坚持“词不离句,句不离文”。值得注意的是,考生应关注常用的实词(名词、动词、形容词和副词)的词形变化,一则是写作时,考生需要考虑单词的词性,二则是语法填空题要考查单词的变形。
例如,在复习动词concern时,考生需要掌握名词、动词和相关的词形变化。充当动词时,concern意为“使担忧,涉及,关系到”;充当名词时,意为“担心,关心”。它的形容词是concerned,意为“担心的,被牵连的”;介词concerning意为“关于,就……而言”。常用词组有be concerned about=show concern about“对……关心”。习惯用语有as far as one is concerned,意为“就某人而言”。
例句:Don’t interfere in what doesn’t concern you.不要干预与自己无关的事。There is growing concern about violence on television. 人们对电视上充斥着暴力内容的忧虑日益加重。The loss was a tragedy for all concerned. 对有关各方来说,这个损失都是极大的不幸。Everyone who was directly concerned in the incident has now resigned. 所有与该事件有直接牵连的人都已辞职。He asked several questions concerning the future of the company. 他询问了一些关于公司未来发展的问题。
小编画外音:
疯狂记单词的五大技巧
1.用“三最法”狂读背单词
“默默无闻”地背单词效果极其低下,考生可以用“三最法”狂读狂背每个单词。背单词的时候,一定要做到最大声、最清晰、最快速。当你用“三最法”背诵单词时,你的注意力会高度集中,记忆的效率会大大提高。此外,你不仅记住了单词,还锻炼了国际口腔肌肉!
2.同义反义背单词
看到一个单词的时候,你可以联想到它的同义词或近义词,通过对比辨析,掌握背诵的用法;看到一个单词的时候,可以联想到它的反义词,一正一反,成双成对来记忆。用这种对比法来记单词,印象会更加深刻!
3.同声传译背单词
看着单词脱口而出它的中文意思,看着中文意思脱口而出这个单词。或者请你的同学说出单词,你立刻脱口而出中文意思;说出单词的中文意思,你立刻脱口而出这个单词。通过中英文快速互译的方法背单词,效果特别好,同时还可以锻炼你的口译能力。
4.通过句子背单词
孤立地背单词只能是“背了记,忘了背,背了又忘”!所以,在句子中记住的单词才是有生命的单词,才能牢记单词的意思和用法,才能与之建立感情,才会让你记忆深刻。更重要的是,通过脱口而出的句子来背单词,你不但积累了单词量,更积累了句子量,句子量比单词量更重要! 5.通过短文背单词
一篇短文里面包含了大量有用的单词和短语,通过背诵短文可以大面积地“消灭”单词!而且,在短文中你可以牢牢记住单词的意思和用法。更重要的是,通过背诵短文,以后你就能够大段大段地讲英语了,这才是我们学习英语的最终目的。
02回归教材之经典句式
自2014年起,英语新课标卷采用语法填空题代替了传统的单项选择题,更加注重在具体的语境中考查英语词汇和语法知识。其实,高频基础知识考点都分散在各册教材之中,所以回归教材是复习语法知识、夯实基础的有效策略之一。因此,考生要对教材内容非常熟悉,并能背诵一些经典例句,那么在考试过程中就能正确分析句子结构,准确理解句意。
请看下面两道高考真题和人教版英语教材中的典型例句的对比:
【教材原句】Ever since middle school, my sister Wang Wei and I have dreamed about taking a great bike trip.
【译文】自从高中起,姐姐和我就一直梦想进行一次伟大的自行车旅行。
【考例1】—Where is Peter? I can’t find him anywhere.
—He went to the library after breakfast and his essay there ever since. (2015福建)
A. wrote B. had written
C. has been writing D. is writing
【名师点睛】答语中含有ever since,意为“从那时到现在”。当句中含有ever since, since then, since...等时间状语时,应用现在完成时或现在完成进行时。
【教材原句】But once picked up, they tried to bite me. (人教选修Book 8 P20)
【译文】但是,一旦靠近,它们就试图咬我。
【考例2】If _________for the job, you’ll be informed soon.(2015北京)
A. to accept B. accept C. accepting D. accepted
【名师点睛】本题考查“连词+过去分词”结构。逗号前的部分相当于一个状语从句If (you are) accepted for the job 的省略。在英语中,当从句的主语和主句的主语一致时,如果从句含有助动词或系动词be,从句的主语和be可省略,只保留“连词+过去分词/现在分词”。答案:D。
此外,强调句式是高考常考、易错的考点,在教材中也反复出现。
【教材原句】I can well remember that there was a time when a deep blue sky the song of the birds, moonlight and flowers could never have kept me spell bound.(人教必修Book 1 P2)
【译文】我清晰地记得,曾经有一段时期,在湛蓝的天空中,鸟儿唱着动听的歌,月光皎洁,花香四溢,但这一切都不能使我神魂颠倒。
【考例3】As the smallest child of his family, Alex is al- ways longing for the time he should be able to be independent. (2015陕西)
A. which B. where C. whom D. when
【名师点睛】从题干的句子结构可知,先行词time后面是一个定语从句,从句缺少时间状语,因此空白处应填关系副词when。
【教材原句】This unit is a play based on a short story by an American writer—Mark Twain.
【译文】本单元是一部根据美国作家马克·吐温的短篇小说改编的戏剧。
【考例4】A study of travelers 68 (conduct) by the website TripAdvisor names Yangshuo as one of the top 10 destinations in the world. (2015全国新课标Ⅰ卷)
【名师点睛】 从题干的句子结构来看,句子的主语是A study of travelers,谓语部分为names Yangshuo as one of the top 10 destinations in the world。空格处应填conducted,为过去分词做定语。但是,有些考生误填was conducted或 is conducted。考生应弄清楚被动语态和过去分词做定语的区别。过去分词做定语的一般形式:名词+过去分词,过去分词修饰名词,比如doors opened(打开的门)、eyes closed(闭上的眼)。被动语态的一般形式: be/get(等系动词)+过去分词,如be broken down(被损坏)、 be captured(被捕)。
小编画外音:
其实,像这样的经典例句在英语教材中比比皆是。不少考生都有这样的焦虑:美文美句背了不少,上课老师说的都明白,可一到考试做题的时候就犯晕。这该怎么办?这个时候就应回归课本,弄清课本与题目之间的区别和联系。其实只要考生平时能正确理解课文,分析教材中的经典例句,就能够轻松应对高考试题,高考试题的难度一般不会超出教材的难度。 03回归教材之书面表达
除了词汇、短语和句子,课本中的文章也是考生在写作文时可以借鉴的模板。不少考生都觉得自己的书面表达得分太低,分数提不上去,课本里的文章真的消化了吗?如果只是机械地背,而不加以理解,对课本再怎么烂熟于心也是白搭。
下面这篇文章值得考生借鉴:
In recent years, it is common to see some students tear up their textbooks after taking the college entrance examination. I think there are some reasons behind this phenomenon.
First, buried in their lessons all day long, the students want to live a colorful life. They think tearing books is a good way to celebrate their graduation. Second, the students are under such great pressure that it is necessary to release pressure. It is understandable for students to vent their negative feelings when they graduate. However, schools don’t offer the students some guidance on how to relieve pressure properly.
In conclusion, I don’t think the students should tear up the textbooks. Instead, the textbooks should be recycled so that we can save the trees and protect the environment.
写作技巧分析:
1.高级词汇和短语
tear up 撕碎,phenomenon现象,(be)buried in专心于, live a colorful life 过着多彩的生活,release 释放,graduation毕业,understandable可理解的,negative 负面的,guidance 指导,relieve 缓解,under great pressure在巨大的压力下,in conclusion总之,recycle回收利用,protect the environment保护环境。
复合句:
(1)宾语从句:
①I think there are some reasons behind this phenomenon;②They think tearing books is a good way to celebrate their graduation. ③I don’t think the students should tear up the textbooks.
(2)状语从句:
①结果状语从句:the students are under such great pressure that it is necessary to release pressure;
②时间状语从句:when they graduate.
(3)目的状语从句:the textbooks should be recycled so that we can save the trees and protect the environment.
3. 非谓语动词:
(1)动名词短语做宾语:after taking the college entrance examination.
(2) 过去分词做状语:buried in their lessons all day long.
(3)动词不定式短语做宾语:the students want to live a colorful life.
(4)动词不定式短语做定语:tearing books is a good way to celebrate their graduation.
(5)动词不定式短语做宾语:schools don’t offer the students some guidance on how to relieve pressure properly.
4. 特殊句式:
it做形式主语:① it is common to see some students tear up their textbooks ;②it is necessary to release their pres-sure;③It is understandable for students to vent their negative feelings.
临近高考,你还在海量刷题获取经验值吗?由于高考所考查的基础知识都源自高中教材,因此考生务必回归教材,对高中阶段所学的英语知识进行系统的回顾和梳理。回归课本进行系统复习时,考生应从以下几个方面入手:
01回归教材之词汇、短语
由于大多数英语单词和词组在教材中反复出现,并且高考也是取材于课本,因此阅读课文是复习词汇和短语的有效途径。
【教材原句】The latter gave a separate identity to Am-erican English spelling.(人教必修Book 1 P10)
【译文】后者使美式英语的拼写有了独特的个性。
【考例1】He gave himself a new name to hide his ___ when he went to carry out the secret task.(2015湖北)
A. emotion B. talent C. identity D. treasure
【教材原句】Just as I tried to make the necessary adju-stment to this new situation, Wang Ping appeared. (人教必修Book 5 P18)
【译文】正当我尽量做出调整,以适应新环境时,王平出现了。
【考例2】Some schools will have to make ________ in agreement with the national soccer reform.(2015江苏)
A. judgments B. adjustments
C. comments D. Achievements
【教材原句】I think it’s important to have a balance between study and a social life, so I’m going to join a few clubs.(人教选修 Book 7 P 39)
【译文】我认为,在学习和社交方面保持平衡很重要,因此我打算加入几个社团。
【考例3】When he was running after his brother, the boy lost his _______ and had a bad fall.(2015湖北)
A. balance B. chance C. memory D. place
考生习惯拿着英语单词表或字典来背单词,其实,记单词最有效的方法就是在语境中记忆单词和词组,坚持“词不离句,句不离文”。值得注意的是,考生应关注常用的实词(名词、动词、形容词和副词)的词形变化,一则是写作时,考生需要考虑单词的词性,二则是语法填空题要考查单词的变形。
例如,在复习动词concern时,考生需要掌握名词、动词和相关的词形变化。充当动词时,concern意为“使担忧,涉及,关系到”;充当名词时,意为“担心,关心”。它的形容词是concerned,意为“担心的,被牵连的”;介词concerning意为“关于,就……而言”。常用词组有be concerned about=show concern about“对……关心”。习惯用语有as far as one is concerned,意为“就某人而言”。
例句:Don’t interfere in what doesn’t concern you.不要干预与自己无关的事。There is growing concern about violence on television. 人们对电视上充斥着暴力内容的忧虑日益加重。The loss was a tragedy for all concerned. 对有关各方来说,这个损失都是极大的不幸。Everyone who was directly concerned in the incident has now resigned. 所有与该事件有直接牵连的人都已辞职。He asked several questions concerning the future of the company. 他询问了一些关于公司未来发展的问题。
小编画外音:
疯狂记单词的五大技巧
1.用“三最法”狂读背单词
“默默无闻”地背单词效果极其低下,考生可以用“三最法”狂读狂背每个单词。背单词的时候,一定要做到最大声、最清晰、最快速。当你用“三最法”背诵单词时,你的注意力会高度集中,记忆的效率会大大提高。此外,你不仅记住了单词,还锻炼了国际口腔肌肉!
2.同义反义背单词
看到一个单词的时候,你可以联想到它的同义词或近义词,通过对比辨析,掌握背诵的用法;看到一个单词的时候,可以联想到它的反义词,一正一反,成双成对来记忆。用这种对比法来记单词,印象会更加深刻!
3.同声传译背单词
看着单词脱口而出它的中文意思,看着中文意思脱口而出这个单词。或者请你的同学说出单词,你立刻脱口而出中文意思;说出单词的中文意思,你立刻脱口而出这个单词。通过中英文快速互译的方法背单词,效果特别好,同时还可以锻炼你的口译能力。
4.通过句子背单词
孤立地背单词只能是“背了记,忘了背,背了又忘”!所以,在句子中记住的单词才是有生命的单词,才能牢记单词的意思和用法,才能与之建立感情,才会让你记忆深刻。更重要的是,通过脱口而出的句子来背单词,你不但积累了单词量,更积累了句子量,句子量比单词量更重要! 5.通过短文背单词
一篇短文里面包含了大量有用的单词和短语,通过背诵短文可以大面积地“消灭”单词!而且,在短文中你可以牢牢记住单词的意思和用法。更重要的是,通过背诵短文,以后你就能够大段大段地讲英语了,这才是我们学习英语的最终目的。
02回归教材之经典句式
自2014年起,英语新课标卷采用语法填空题代替了传统的单项选择题,更加注重在具体的语境中考查英语词汇和语法知识。其实,高频基础知识考点都分散在各册教材之中,所以回归教材是复习语法知识、夯实基础的有效策略之一。因此,考生要对教材内容非常熟悉,并能背诵一些经典例句,那么在考试过程中就能正确分析句子结构,准确理解句意。
请看下面两道高考真题和人教版英语教材中的典型例句的对比:
【教材原句】Ever since middle school, my sister Wang Wei and I have dreamed about taking a great bike trip.
【译文】自从高中起,姐姐和我就一直梦想进行一次伟大的自行车旅行。
【考例1】—Where is Peter? I can’t find him anywhere.
—He went to the library after breakfast and his essay there ever since. (2015福建)
A. wrote B. had written
C. has been writing D. is writing
【名师点睛】答语中含有ever since,意为“从那时到现在”。当句中含有ever since, since then, since...等时间状语时,应用现在完成时或现在完成进行时。
【教材原句】But once picked up, they tried to bite me. (人教选修Book 8 P20)
【译文】但是,一旦靠近,它们就试图咬我。
【考例2】If _________for the job, you’ll be informed soon.(2015北京)
A. to accept B. accept C. accepting D. accepted
【名师点睛】本题考查“连词+过去分词”结构。逗号前的部分相当于一个状语从句If (you are) accepted for the job 的省略。在英语中,当从句的主语和主句的主语一致时,如果从句含有助动词或系动词be,从句的主语和be可省略,只保留“连词+过去分词/现在分词”。答案:D。
此外,强调句式是高考常考、易错的考点,在教材中也反复出现。
【教材原句】I can well remember that there was a time when a deep blue sky the song of the birds, moonlight and flowers could never have kept me spell bound.(人教必修Book 1 P2)
【译文】我清晰地记得,曾经有一段时期,在湛蓝的天空中,鸟儿唱着动听的歌,月光皎洁,花香四溢,但这一切都不能使我神魂颠倒。
【考例3】As the smallest child of his family, Alex is al- ways longing for the time he should be able to be independent. (2015陕西)
A. which B. where C. whom D. when
【名师点睛】从题干的句子结构可知,先行词time后面是一个定语从句,从句缺少时间状语,因此空白处应填关系副词when。
【教材原句】This unit is a play based on a short story by an American writer—Mark Twain.
【译文】本单元是一部根据美国作家马克·吐温的短篇小说改编的戏剧。
【考例4】A study of travelers 68 (conduct) by the website TripAdvisor names Yangshuo as one of the top 10 destinations in the world. (2015全国新课标Ⅰ卷)
【名师点睛】 从题干的句子结构来看,句子的主语是A study of travelers,谓语部分为names Yangshuo as one of the top 10 destinations in the world。空格处应填conducted,为过去分词做定语。但是,有些考生误填was conducted或 is conducted。考生应弄清楚被动语态和过去分词做定语的区别。过去分词做定语的一般形式:名词+过去分词,过去分词修饰名词,比如doors opened(打开的门)、eyes closed(闭上的眼)。被动语态的一般形式: be/get(等系动词)+过去分词,如be broken down(被损坏)、 be captured(被捕)。
小编画外音:
其实,像这样的经典例句在英语教材中比比皆是。不少考生都有这样的焦虑:美文美句背了不少,上课老师说的都明白,可一到考试做题的时候就犯晕。这该怎么办?这个时候就应回归课本,弄清课本与题目之间的区别和联系。其实只要考生平时能正确理解课文,分析教材中的经典例句,就能够轻松应对高考试题,高考试题的难度一般不会超出教材的难度。 03回归教材之书面表达
除了词汇、短语和句子,课本中的文章也是考生在写作文时可以借鉴的模板。不少考生都觉得自己的书面表达得分太低,分数提不上去,课本里的文章真的消化了吗?如果只是机械地背,而不加以理解,对课本再怎么烂熟于心也是白搭。
下面这篇文章值得考生借鉴:
In recent years, it is common to see some students tear up their textbooks after taking the college entrance examination. I think there are some reasons behind this phenomenon.
First, buried in their lessons all day long, the students want to live a colorful life. They think tearing books is a good way to celebrate their graduation. Second, the students are under such great pressure that it is necessary to release pressure. It is understandable for students to vent their negative feelings when they graduate. However, schools don’t offer the students some guidance on how to relieve pressure properly.
In conclusion, I don’t think the students should tear up the textbooks. Instead, the textbooks should be recycled so that we can save the trees and protect the environment.
写作技巧分析:
1.高级词汇和短语
tear up 撕碎,phenomenon现象,(be)buried in专心于, live a colorful life 过着多彩的生活,release 释放,graduation毕业,understandable可理解的,negative 负面的,guidance 指导,relieve 缓解,under great pressure在巨大的压力下,in conclusion总之,recycle回收利用,protect the environment保护环境。
复合句:
(1)宾语从句:
①I think there are some reasons behind this phenomenon;②They think tearing books is a good way to celebrate their graduation. ③I don’t think the students should tear up the textbooks.
(2)状语从句:
①结果状语从句:the students are under such great pressure that it is necessary to release pressure;
②时间状语从句:when they graduate.
(3)目的状语从句:the textbooks should be recycled so that we can save the trees and protect the environment.
3. 非谓语动词:
(1)动名词短语做宾语:after taking the college entrance examination.
(2) 过去分词做状语:buried in their lessons all day long.
(3)动词不定式短语做宾语:the students want to live a colorful life.
(4)动词不定式短语做定语:tearing books is a good way to celebrate their graduation.
(5)动词不定式短语做宾语:schools don’t offer the students some guidance on how to relieve pressure properly.
4. 特殊句式:
it做形式主语:① it is common to see some students tear up their textbooks ;②it is necessary to release their pres-sure;③It is understandable for students to vent their negative feelings.