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随着世界经济特别是跨国公司的迅猛发展,世界价值创造体系在出现了前所未有的垂直分离和再构,由跨国公司主导的全球价值链已经成为经济全球化的一个重要表现形式。发展中国家如果实施主动国际化战略,通过全球价值链,学习先进国家的技术和管理,将可以有效提升产业竞争力。 一、全球价值链与地方产业集群升级 全球价值链已经成为经济全球化的一个重要表现形式。何谓全球价值链?简言之就是相关企业间的利益联系。它是指在全球范围内,把一项产品或服务从概念开始,经过研发和生产的不同阶段,交付给最终消费者而获取价值的全过程。一般全球价值链包括研发设计、生产、物流、市场营销、售后服务等各个经济环节,它表示在技术、管理、资本、市场、劳动力、自然资源、产品等要素组成的全球经济系统中,在制造、贸易全球化的条件下,诸多企业共同完成一种产品或在国际产业分工中只从事同一产品某些环节的生产,从而建立了一系列相关独立活动的企业间通过利益纽带的联系。形象地比喻,全球价值链旨在企业间连接构成的万维
With the rapid development of the world economy, especially multinational corporations, there has been an unprecedented vertical separation and reconstruction of the world value creation system. The global value chain dominated by multinational corporations has become an important manifestation of economic globalization. If developing countries implement a proactive internationalization strategy and learn from the advanced technology and management of the global value chain, they will be able to effectively enhance their industrial competitiveness. I. Global Value Chain and Local Industrial Cluster Upgrade Global value chain has become an important manifestation of economic globalization. What is a global value chain? In short is the relationship between the interests of related businesses. It refers to the whole process of getting a product or service from concept to different stages of research and development and production to be delivered to the ultimate consumer for value. The general global value chain includes various economic links such as R & D, production, logistics, marketing and after-sales service. It means that in the global economic system composed of technology, management, capital, market, labor, natural resources and products, Under the conditions of globalization of trade, many enterprises jointly complete a product or link their production to certain sectors of the same product in the international division of labor, thus establishing a series of related independent activities through ties of interest. Image metaphor, the global value chain is designed to connect enterprises formed by the World Wide Web