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本试验以4个不同熟性圆茄品系为材料,采用石蜡切片方法对茄子茎尖分生组织发育的跟踪观察,分析其花芽分化的细胞组织起源、形态变化的过程及不同品种间花发育的差别。结果表明:茄子花芽是有主茎或侧枝顶芽分化而来,在茎顶芽向花芽转化时,芽的顶端分生组织由较平滑状转变为向外凸起呈圆锥形;茎顶芽继续分化,分生组织顶部变平增宽,纵切面呈倒梯形,开始形成门茄生殖生长锥,顶芽在分化的过程中其结构符合原套-原体学说;在门茄花芽继续分化的同时,在门茄下部形成两个对生的腋芽,发育成对生的侧枝,证明茄子假二叉分枝的基础是茎顶芽完成了花芽分化;不同基因型的品种进入花芽分化发育进度有明显的差异,早熟品种开花节位低花芽分化相对提前。
In this experiment, four different lines of Magnolia grandiflora were used as materials to observe the development of shoot apical meristems by using the method of paraffin section. The origin and morphological changes of flower bud differentiation and the developmental process of flower development among different varieties difference. The results showed that the buds of eggplant were differentiated from the top buds of main stems or collaterals. When the shoot tips were transformed into flower buds, the apical meristem of shoots changed from smoother to outwardly convex and conical. Differentiation, meristem top flattening broadened, the vertical section was inverted trapezoid, began to form door reproductive growth cone, top bud in the process of differentiation of its structure in line with the original set - Protoplasm theory; bud in the door to continue to differentiate at the same time , Forming two opposite axillary buds in the lower part of Solanum tuberosum and developing into opposite collateral branches. It was proved that the basis of the false-forked twig branch of the eggplant was that the buds of the stems completed flower bud differentiation. The progress of flower bud differentiation among the different genotypes was obvious The difference is that the early flowering stage of early maturing varieties is relatively early in floral bud differentiation.