论文部分内容阅读
十二至十三世纪,北宋处于由少数民族扩张而引发的不断战争之中。首先的威胁来自于北方契丹族所建立的辽国,这个作为鲜卑人远房后裔的民族,在十一世纪初年甚至控制到黄河流域。由于他们不断地进攻,北宋在公元一○○四年被迫于澶渊议和,此时辽国的疆域已包括东北与蒙古东部大部分地区、山西大同地区以及北京地区。十二世纪初年,由于连续的水旱灾害及皇室内讧,大辽帝国
During the 12th and 13th centuries, the Northern Song Dynasty was in constant war triggered by the expansion of ethnic minorities. The first threat comes from the Liao Kingdom established by the Khitan ethnic group in the north. As a descendant of Xianbei people, this nation even controlled the Yellow River valley in the early eleventh century. Because of their continuous attacks, the Northern Song Dynasty was forced to negotiate with Taiwan in the year of 2004, when the territory of the Liao nation included most of the northeast and east of Mongolia, the Datong region of Shanxi and Beijing. In the early twelfth century, due to successive floods and dynasties, the Great Liao Empire