用全息论的观点分析研究黄土区农林复合生态经济系统的总体结构，提出本区该系统总体结构的农、牧、林果三环结构原理及其合理配置比例。三环结构中牧环居中，起主要联系作用，联系的主要形式是系统生态流中的肥料，系统合理结构的要素之一是系统基本达到肥料平衡。基于上述原理，对泥河沟流域农林复合生态经济系统的建设过程进行了分析，得出黄土区农林复合生态经济系统的建立与发展过程可分为３个阶段。 The holistic theory is used to analyze the overall structure of agroforestry ecosystem in the Loess Plateau. The principle of agroforestry, animal husbandry and forestry three-ring structure and the proportion of the rational allocation are put forward. Central tribal ring structure in the pastoral Central, played a major role in contact, the main form of contact is the system of ecological flow of fertilizer, the system is one of the elements of the rational structure of the basic system to achieve fertilizer balance. Based on the above principles, the process of agroforestry eco-economic system construction in the Nihegou watershed was analyzed, and the process of establishment and development of agroforestry eco-economic systems in the Loess Plateau can be divided into three stages.