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目的 探讨早期低位直肠癌行经肛局部扩大全层切除术对疗效及预后的影响.方法 采用回顾性分析法,选取2012年4月至2014年10月在青岛第八人民医院接受治疗的40例早期低位直肠癌患者的临床资料,按照治疗方式的不同将患者分为2组,对照组和观察者,每组各20例,对照组患者采用传统经腹根治术,观察组患者采用经肛局部扩大全层切除术;观察2组患者术后远处转移率、局部复发率、生存率、住院时间、手术时间以及并发症等,分析2组患者治疗效果和预后.结果 观察组患者手术时间、住院时间、并发症均显著优于对照组,P＜0.05,具有统计学意义;观察组患者5例患局部复发,无1例远处转移,对照组有4例并发症,1例局部复发,无1例远处转移;观察组患者3a内生存率高于对照组,差异具有统计学意义,P＜0.05;2组患者5a内生存率,差异无统计学意义,P＞0.05.结论 早期低位直肠癌行经肛局部扩大全层切除术具有较好的治疗效果,不仅创伤小、花费低,安全高效,而且有利于提高患者预后生活质量,值得在临床上推广应用.“,”Objective To study the curative effect and prognosis of early low rectal cancer treated with anal partial full-thickness resection.Methods We retrospectively analyzed the data of 40 patients with early low rectal cancer in our hospital for treatment between April 2012 to October 2014.According to the different methods of treatment, the enrolled patients were divided into two groups: control group and the observation group, 20 patients in each group.The control group was treated by traditional abdominal radical prostatectomy, the observation group was treated by the anal partial full-thickness resection.The distant metastasis rate, local recurrence rate, survival rate, length of hospital stay, operation time and complications in the two groups were compared to evaluate the treatment effect and prognosis.Results The operation time, length of hospital stay and complications in the observation group were significantly better than the control group (P＜0.05).There were 5 cases of local recurrence and 1 case of distant metastases in the observation group, and 4 cases of complication, 1 case of local recurrence, 1 cases of distant metastasis in the control group.The 3-year survival rate in the observation group was significantly higher than the control group (P＜0.05).The 5-year survival rate had no significant difference between the two groups (P＞0.05).Conclusion Anal partial full-thickness resection has good curative effect on early low rectal cancer, it not only has little trauma, low cost, safety and efficiency, but also can improve the prognosis and quality of life of patients, so is worth clinic popularization and application.