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目的了解广州市某农村地区家庭室内生物燃料使用对居民下呼吸道症状的影响。方法采用系统抽样方法在广州增城市某农村地区抽取6岁以上的常住居民作为研究对象,开展问卷调查获取室内生物燃料使用和居民下呼吸道症状的情况。采用多因素非条件logistic回归分析居民呼吸道症状与生物燃料使用的关系,分析中控制年龄、性别、吸烟情况、室内通风情况和厨房使用通风设备情况等因素。结果共调查了266户家庭,645名研究对象纳入研究,其中478人(74.1%)做饭使用生物燃料,167人(25.9%)做饭使用清洁能源。生物燃料组过去半年下呼吸道症状(含干咳、咳痰、气喘、胸闷和呼吸困难症状之一)发生率为51.5%(246/478),清洁能源组发生率为41.3%(69/167)。多因素分析显示,使用生物燃料组发生过咳痰(OR=1.90,95%CI:1.23~2.93)、气喘(OR=6.71,95%CI:1.74~25.85)、胸闷(OR=2.41,95%CI:1.02~5.72)和呼吸困难(OR=5.99,95%CI:1.23~29.28)的风险高于清洁能源组。下呼吸道症状发生风险与生物燃料使用的频率关系有统计学意义,每天都使用生物燃料组相比清洁能源组,出现过和经常出现下呼吸道症状的风险分别是OR=1.72(95%CI:1.14~2.59)和OR=4.10(95%CI:1.40~12.04)。结论广州市农村地区室内生物燃料的使用可能影响居民呼吸系统健康。
Objective To understand the impact of domestic indoor biofuel use on residents’ lower respiratory tract symptoms in a rural area of Guangzhou. Methods A systematic sampling method was used to select permanent residents over the age of 6 in a rural area of Zengcheng City of Guangzhou as the research object. A questionnaire survey was conducted to obtain indoor biofuel use and residents’ lower respiratory tract symptoms. Multivariate non-conditional logistic regression analysis was used to analyze the relationship between residents’ respiratory symptoms and the use of biofuels. Factors such as age, gender, smoking status, indoor ventilation and ventilation in the kitchen were analyzed. Results A total of 266 families were surveyed and 645 subjects were enrolled in the study. Among them, 478 (74.1%) used biofuels for cooking and 167 (25.9%) used clean energy for cooking. The incidence of lower respiratory symptoms (one of the symptoms including dry cough, sputum, asthma, chest tightness and dyspnea) in biofuel group was 51.5% (246/478) in the past six months, and 41.3% (69/167) in clean energy group. Multivariate analysis showed that expectoration (OR = 1.90, 95% CI: 1.23-2.93), asthma (OR = 6.71, 95% CI: 1.74-25.85), chest tightness (OR = 2.41, 95% CI: 1.02-5.72) and dyspnea (OR = 5.99,95% CI: 1.23-29.28) were higher than those of the clean energy group. The risk of developing lower respiratory symptoms correlated significantly with the frequency of biofuels usage. Daily use of biofuels showed a lower risk of developing lower respiratory symptoms compared to the clean energy group, OR = 1.72 (95% CI: 1.14 ~ 2.59) and OR = 4.10 (95% CI: 1.40 ~ 12.04). Conclusion The use of indoor biofuels in rural areas of Guangzhou may affect residents’ respiratory system health.