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基于GIS技术,依据《国家人口发展功能区工作技术导则》,计算了陕西省县域尺度和流域尺度的水资源潜力及承载力,并针对不同的水资源承载区提出相应的开发利用对策和建议。结果表明:1)县域尺度上,陕北地区的水资源承载指数为2.34,人口超载率为133.97%,水资源承载状况属于过载;关中地区的水资源承载指数为2.38,人口超载率为137.52%,水资源承载状况属于过载;陕南地区的水资源承载指数为0.52,水资源盈余率为48.00%,水资源承载状况属于盈余;2)流域尺度上,黄河流域范围,只有渭河宝鸡峡以上流域的水资源承载类型属人水平衡型,其余各三级流域的水资源承载类型均属水资源超载型;长江流域范围,各三级流域的水资源承载类型均属水资源盈余型。研究为实现水资源在县域尺度、流域尺度等不同等级区域中的合理均衡和分配提供科学参考。
Based on the GIS technology and according to the Technical Guidelines for the Work of Functional Areas for Population Development in People’s Republic of China, the potential and carrying capacity of water resources at county scale and catchment scale in Shaanxi Province were calculated and corresponding development and utilization measures and suggestions for different water resources carrying areas . The results show that: 1) At the county scale, the water resources carrying index of northern Shaanxi is 2.34, the population overloading rate is 133.97%, the water resources carrying status belongs to overloading; the water resources carrying index of Guanzhong is 2.38, the population overloading rate is 137.52% , And the water resources carrying status is overloaded. The carrying index of water resources in southern Shaanxi is 0.52, and the water resource surplus rate is 48.00%. The water resources carrying status is surplus. 2) On the catchment scale, only in the watershed above the Weihe River at Baoji Gorge Of the water resources carrying type is a water balance type, and the rest of the water resources of all three types of water resources are overloaded type; over the Yangtze River Basin, the water resources in all three watershed are water surplus type. The research provides a scientific reference for realizing the reasonable balance and distribution of water resources in different scales such as county scale and watershed scale.