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经验告诉人们,飞近固体表面的原子或分子总是存在着潜在的吸引力,因此有一定的几率为固体表面所吸收;这就产生了叫做“吸附”的现象。在寻常的环境条件(大气压,300K,氧、氮、水蒸汽和碳氩化合物等)里,所有固体表面都覆盖着吸附质层,并经常可以检测出多层的。吸附质层的实地存在,影响了化学、机械和电子学的表面特性。附着、润滑、化学腐蚀点和光导性等正是许多宏观表面。
Experience has taught that there is always the potential attraction of atoms or molecules flying near a solid surface, so there is a certain chance of being absorbed by a solid surface; this creates a phenomenon called “adsorption.” In normal ambient conditions (atmospheric pressure, 300 K, oxygen, nitrogen, water vapor, and carbon-argon compounds), all solid surfaces are covered with adsorbed mass and often multilayered. The presence of adsorbed matter affects the surface properties of chemistry, mechanics, and electronics. Attachment, lubrication, chemical etching spots and photoconductivity are precisely the macroscopic surfaces.