自从1960年发现非晶金属的第一篇报告发表以来,这种材料的发展非常迅速,特别是近年来已经广泛应用于工程技术。正常的固态金属是一种结晶物质,金属原子呈有序的排列。而液态金属的原子则处在一种无序状态,或变化中的短程有序状态。这类固态物质中如玻璃、沥青等,则是处在一种非晶质的形态中,它们实质上是一种过冷的液态物质,我们可以称之为非晶质或玻璃体物质。对于这类物质,可以有两种原子无序排列的模型:一种是微晶无序模型如图1-a;一种是拓扑 Since the first report on the discovery of amorphous metals was published in 1960, the material has been developed very rapidly and has been used extensively in engineering in recent years. Normal solid metal is a crystalline material, the metal atoms are arranged in an orderly manner. The liquid metal atoms are in a disorderly state, or changing short-range orderly state. Such solid substances such as glass, asphalt, etc., are in an amorphous form, they are essentially a sub-cooled liquid material, we can call it amorphous or vitreous material. For this kind of material, there are two kinds of atomic disorder model: one is the microcrystalline disordered model shown in Figure 1-a; one is the topology