胃内容物的反流与误吸是围麻醉期威胁患者生命安全的严重并发症。床旁超声技术对特殊人群胃容量的预测已被证明具有确切价值。文章综述了近年来床旁超声评估特殊人群（包括急诊、孕妇、儿童等不完全适用于目前禁饮禁食指南的患者）胃容量的研究进展，以推动其更好地应用于临床工作。“,”Gastric reflux and aspiration are serious complications that threaten the life safety of patients during peri anesthesia. The prediction of gastric volume by bedside ultrasound in specific populations has been proven to be of definite value. In this review, the recent progress in the study of bedside ultrasound evaluation of gastric volume in special populations (including emergency patients, pregnant women, children and other patients not fully applicable to the current fasting guidelines) is summarized to improve the quality of anesthesia management in special populations and to promote its better application in clinical work.