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康德的“哥白尼式”哲学革命具有哲学史上“里程碑”式的意义。他在其划时代的伟大著作“三大批判”(《纯粹理性批判》、《实践理性批判》、《判断力批判》)中对人的自由首次进行了全面、系统、深刻的考察,详细论述了“自由不可知”这一问题的提出、“不可知”的原因及其真正涵义。在康德看来,自由之所以不可知,是因为它是一个理性概念,用知性感念是不能认识的,它不是知识的对象;但“自由是道德律的ratio essendi[存在理由],道德律是自由的ratio cognoscendi[认识理由]。”这是自由作为理性概念的实践理性价值之所在,同时,人们可以用反思判断力把握自由,在此意义上,自由——“这是在纯粹理性的一切理念中惟一的一个.其对象是事实并且必须被算到scibilia(拉丁文‘可认识的东西’)之列的。”由此可见,在对自由的认识问题上,康德并不是传统以偏概全所认为的什么“不可知论者”。
Kant’s “Copernican” philosophical revolution has the meaning of “milestone” in the history of philosophy. In the great works of his epoch-making Great Great Criticism (Critique of Pure Reason, Critique of Practical Reason, Critique of Judgment), he conducted the first comprehensive, systematic and profound inspection of human freedom Discusses the proposition of the issue of “unknowable freedom”, the reason of “unknowable” and its true meaning. In Kant’s opinion, the reason why freedom is not known is that it is a rational concept that can not be recognized by the concept of intellectual sentiment, and it is not the object of knowledge. However, “freedom is the ratio essendi of moral law [reason of existence] Is the ratio cognoscendi of freedom [reason of cognition]. ”This is the place of the practical rational value of freedom as the concept of rationality, meanwhile, one can grasp the freedom with the sense of judgment. In this sense, freedom- The only one in all rational ideas, whose objects are facts and must be counted as scibilia (something Latin can ’recognize’). “Thus, Kant is not a question of freedom What the tradition thinks in terms of ”agnosticism."