近年来,随着社会主义市场经济的建立和发展,人们的道德观念和道德行为发生了剧烈变化,引起了全社会的关注。理论界对市场经济与道德的关系问题也展开了广泛而热烈的讨论。现将主要观点综述如下: 一、关于发展社会主义市场经济与道德的关系 (一)市场经济对道德的影响 1.“二律背反”论 有些论者指出,市场经济的发展必然给道德带来消极影响,道德建设不可避免地要付出代价。因此,市场经济的发展与道德进步是“二律背反”的关系。他们的理由是:①资本主义的发展历史告诉我们,经济发展伴随着道德退步,其基本特征是经济的发展与人本身发展的尖锐对抗。市场经济是跨越社会制度的,因此资本主义社会中所出现的道德沦丧现象在社会主义市场经济下也会同样出现。②在向市场经济的转向中我们的现实社会中也确实产生了许多道德滑坡现象。主要表现在制售“假、冒、伪、劣”商品、卖淫嫖娼、见死不救、权力腐败等消极社会现象的滋生和蔓延上。上述丑恶现象与市场经济有着必然的联系。正是由于市场经济开启了个人对自我利益的关心这道闸门,利己主义、拜金主义的洪流才不可遏止,上述现象便无从根绝。 2.道德爬坡论 持“道德爬坡论”的论者认为,市场经济的推进 In recent years, with the establishment and development of the socialist market economy, people’s moral values ​​and moral behaviors have undergone dramatic changes, arousing the concern of the whole society. Theorists also conducted extensive and enthusiastic discussions on the relationship between market economy and morality. The main points are summarized as follows: I. About the relationship between the development of the socialist market economy and morality (I) The impact of the market economy on morality 1. The “antinomy” theory Some commentators point out that the development of a market economy is bound to have a negative impact on morality Moral construction inevitably has to pay the price. Therefore, the development of market economy and moral progress are “antinomy” relations. Their reasons are as follows: ① The history of the development of capitalism tells us that the basic feature of economic development accompanying moral regression is the sharp confrontation between economic development and the development of man himself. Market economy crosses the social system. Therefore, the phenomenon of moral degeneration appearing in the capitalist society will also appear under the socialist market economy. ② Indeed, many moral degenerations have indeed taken place in our real society in the shift to a market economy. Mainly manifested in the manufacture and sale of “fake, run, false, inferior” goods, prostitution, prostitution, power corruption and other negative social phenomenon breeding and spreading. The above ugly phenomena have a necessary connection with the market economy. It is precisely because the market economy has opened the gate of personal concern for self-interest that the torrent of egoism and money worship can not be stopped, and the above phenomenon can not be eradicated. 2. Moral Climbing Theorists who hold the view of “moral climbing” think that the promotion of market economy