本文从《共产党宣言》发表的时代背景出发 ,通过对《共产党宣言》精神实质的再认识和再学习 ,透视了苏东剧变的内部动因 ,批判了社会主义运动失败论和马克思主义过时论。在客观评价当代资本主义的同时 ,论证了社会主义代替资本主义的漫长曲折性和艰巨复杂性 ,以及各社会主义国家在当今历史时期中的主要历史使命和任务 Based on the background of “Manifesto of the Communist Party”, through the re-understanding and re-study of the spiritual essence of the Manifesto of the Communist Party, this article reveals the internal motivation of the violent changes in the Soviet Union and East Europe and criticizes the theory of the failure of the socialist movement and the outdated Marxism. While objectively evaluating contemporary capitalism, we demonstrate the long and tortuous nature and arduous complexity of replacing socialism with capitalism, as well as the major historic missions and tasks of all socialist countries in today’s historical period