鸦片战争前1个多世纪，清政府实行了日趋严厉的闭关锁国政策，不仅造成了中国广大下层群众对外部世界的蒙昧无知，而且也使统治阶级本身自食恶果，以致于出现了“中国官府，全不知外国之政事．又不询问考求，故至今仍不知西洋”的可悲局面。1840年，大英帝国的远征军用洋枪洋炮 More than a century before the Opium War, the Qing government imposed an increasingly severe policy of “closing its doors to its own country and locked the country,” not only ignoring the ignorance of the vast majority of the Chinese lower masses in the outside world, but also causing the ruling class itself to suffer its own evil. As a result, “the Chinese government, I do not know anything about foreign affairs, and I did not ask for an examination, so I still do not know the Western situation. ” In 1840, the expeditionary force of the British Empire used foreign gun artillery