具体主义(concretism),是20世纪中叶一度出现的德语国家的一种先锋派文学形式,主要表现在抒情诗方面,故又称为“具体诗”或“语言实验诗”。对于实验诗人,文字不再具有确定的意义,只是一种与其语法职能或地位无关的符号,是他用以构成某种图形的原料,因此不需要标点,也不需要大写。这些诗人玩弄文字虽然五花八门,其基本模式不过是单词,甚或孤立的字母,及其按照空 Concretism is a form of avant-garde literature in the German-speaking countries that once appeared in the middle of the 20th century. It is mainly manifested in lyric poetry and is therefore also referred to as “concrete poem” or “language experimental poem.” For the experimental poets, the text no longer has a definite meaning, but a symbol that has nothing to do with its grammatical function or status. It is the material that he uses to form a certain kind of graphic. Therefore, punctuation is not required, and no capitalization is required. Although these poets play a wide variety of texts, their basic pattern is nothing more than words, or even isolated letters,