1.以原子结构为依据 例如,比较Na~+、Mg~(2+)、Al~(3+)的氧化性强弱。Na~+、Mg~(2+)、Al~(3+)三种微粒电子层结构相同,但核电荷数依次增大,微粒半径依次减小,故氧化性由强到弱的顺序为Al~(3+)>Mg~(2+)>Na~+。 2.以元素在周期表中的位置为依据 ①同主族元素从上至下,原子还原性增强(或氧化性减弱),离子氧化性减弱(或还原性增强)。如氧化性:Li~+>Na~+>K~+,Cl>Br> 1. Based on the atomic structure For example, compare the oxidation of Na~+, Mg~(2+), and Al~(3+). The electronic structures of Na~+, Mg~(2+), and Al~(3+) particles are the same, but the order of nuclear charge increases and the particle radius decreases. Therefore, the order of oxidation is from strong to weak. ~(3+)>Mg~(2+)>Na~+. 2. Based on the position of the elements in the periodic table 1 From the top to the bottom of the main group elements, the atomic reducibility (or the oxidative weakening) is increased, and the ion oxidizing ability is weakened (or the reductive enhancement is enhanced). Such as oxidation: Li ~ +> Na ~ +> K ~ +, Cl> Br>