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目的通过分析南京322例2岁幼儿智能发育状况及特征,为合理指导婴幼儿早期综合发展提供科学依据。方法采用贝利婴幼儿发育量表对随访的322名2岁南京城区幼儿进行智能发育评估,并对其结果进行研究分析。结果 1.幼儿322例中智力发展指数(MDI)≤69占3.1%,精神运动发展指数(PDI)≤69占5.6%;2.MDI均值为114.34±19.65,显著高于PDI均值(101.73±21.53)(t=9.71,P<0.01),智力量表中有关形状辨别及语言言语方面的测试项目(153,155,156,157,158,160)通过年龄较1992年常模提前,运动测试量表中有关平衡能力的测试项目(56,57,58,59,61)通过年龄较1992年常模滞后;3.女童MDI均值(117.60±19.22),显著高于男童MDI均值(111.35±19.61)(t=2.89,P<0.05),主要表现在语言和注意力的能力方面;女童PDI均值(103.47±20.04)与男童PDI均值(100.14±22.75)比较差异无统计学意义(t=1.39,P>0.05)。结论本研究人群智能发育迟滞发生率与WHO报道的精神发育迟滞发病率基本一致;幼儿智能发育存在运动发展和智力发展的差异及性别差别。因此,在儿童保健工作中应切实落实儿童早期智能筛查,指导家长进行智力与运动发育并重的科学养育方法 ,促进儿童的早期全面发展。
Objective To analyze the status and characteristics of intelligence development of 322 children aged 2 years in Nanjing in order to provide a scientific basis for the reasonable guidance of the early comprehensive development of infants and toddlers. Methods A total of 322 2-year-old children in Nanjing city were evaluated for intelligence development using the Bailey Scale for Infant Development, and the results were analyzed. The results showed that in children, 322 cases had an MDI ≤69 accounting for 3.1% and a psychomotor development index ≤69 accounting for 5.6%. The mean of MDI was 114.34 ± 19.65, which was significantly higher than that of PDI (101.73 ± 21.53 ) (t = 9.71, P <0.01). The test items concerning the shape recognition and verbal utterances in the mental scale (153,155,156,157,158,160) were compared with those in the 1992 regular- , 57,58,59,61) lagged behind those of 1992. (3) The MDI mean of girls (117.60 ± 19.22) was significantly higher than that of boys (111.35 ± 19.61) (t = 2.89, P <0.05) (T = 1.39, P> 0.05). There was no significant difference in mean PDI (103.47 ± 20.04) and PDI (100.14 ± 22.75) between boys and girls. Conclusions The prevalence of mental retardation in this study population is basically consistent with the incidence of mental retardation reported by the WHO. There is a difference in sports development, intellectual development and gender differences in early childhood intelligence development. Therefore, in the work of child health, we must earnestly implement early childhood intelligent screening to guide parents to carry out the scientific method of parenting, which emphasizes both mental and physical development, and promote the early all-round development of children.