论文部分内容阅读
目的了解长沙市农村饮用水卫生状况和变化趋势,为农村饮用水安全管理工作提供依据和技术支持。方法依据《生活饮用水标准检验方法》(GB/T 5750-2006)对2014—2016年长沙市农村饮用水进行监测,按照《生活饮用水卫生标准》(GB 5749-2006)对结果进行评价。结果 2014—2016年共监测1 838份水样,合格1 021份,总合格率为55.5%,其中2015年的水质合格率最高,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),不合格项目主要是菌落总数、总大肠菌群和耐热大肠菌群。三年间,丰水期的水质合格率分别为49.43%、61.24%和55.71%,集中式供水的水质合格率分别为59.94%、73.90%和70.32%,地面水的水质合格率分别为67.08%、77.38%和74.24%,地下水的水质合格率分别为36.55%、46.11%和43.14%,差异均有统计学意义(P均<0.05)。结论长沙市农村饮用水水质合格率总体偏低,微生物学指标是影响本市水质合格最主要的指标。与2014年相比,水质质量虽有所改善,仍应进一步加强农村饮用水卫生监管工作,完善制水工艺,规范水质处理与饮用水消毒措施,避免水源性传染病发生的风险。
Objective To understand the health status and trends of drinking water in rural areas in Changsha and provide the basis and technical support for the safety management of rural drinking water. Methods Based on “Standard Test Method for Domestic Drinking Water” (GB / T 5750-2006), drinking water in rural areas of Changsha city was monitored from 2014 to 2016 and the results were evaluated in accordance with “Sanitary Standard for Drinking Water” (GB 5749-2006). Results A total of 1 838 samples were monitored during 2014-2016, with a total of 1 021 samples being qualified. The total pass rate was 55.5%. Among them, the water quality pass rate was the highest in 2015 with a significant difference (P <0.05). The unqualified items were mainly Total number of colonies, total coliforms and heat-resistant coliforms. In the three years, the passing rate of water quality in the wet season was 49.43%, 61.24% and 55.71% respectively. The passing rate of centralized water supply was 59.94%, 73.90% and 70.32% respectively, and the passing rate of surface water was 67.08% 77.38% and 74.24%, respectively. The passing rate of groundwater was 36.55%, 46.11% and 43.14%, respectively, with statistical significance (P <0.05). Conclusion The passing rate of drinking water quality in rural areas of Changsha is generally low. Microbiological indicators are the most important indicators that affect the qualified water quality of the city. Compared with 2014, although the quality of water quality has improved, we should further strengthen the hygiene supervision of rural drinking water, improve the water-making technology, standardize the water quality treatment and drinking water disinfection measures to avoid the risk of water-borne diseases.