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语法填空要求考生阅读一篇短文,然后完成10项语法填空。内容包括根据句子的语法结构和上下文连贯的要求填入适当的词语,或使用括号中词语的适当形式填空。题型可以分为以下三类:纯空格试题的解题、给出动词的试题解题、词类转换题的解题。
掌握构词法不仅可以轻松记单词及拓宽词汇量,也是做语法填空的必要技巧。英语构词法主要有三种方法,分别是派生、合成、转换。我们在平时的单词教学中要让学生懂得构词法,特别是派生词。让他们了解词根,不同的前辍、后辍可以派生出不同的词性,并按一定的规律记忆。怎样把构词法结合到语法填空的篇章理解中,做好词类转换题,可以根据该词在句子中所作的成分来确定是用哪种形式,总的来说有以下方法。
方法一:作主语或及物动词和介词的宾语,用所给词的名词形式,填名词时还要考虑单复数。
【例1】These people have made great _____ (contribute) to China with their work.
分析:make 缺少宾语,应用名词,contribute应是去掉e直接加ion变成名词,前面没用冠词要用复数contributions.
【例2】The conversation soon turned into 31 (complain) about stress in work and in life.
分析:介词 into 后接名词,complain的名词是complaint,此处指两方面的抱怨所以用其复数形式complaints.
方法二:所给词在形容词性物主代词后,或是冠词( 形容词)后,用名词。
【例1】“They are real silk,” the assistant tried to attract her. “Worth double the price. ” But Jane knew from past experience that her ____ (choose) of ties hardly ever pleased her father. (2009年广东卷)
分析:形容词性物主代词her 后修饰名词,choose的名词为choice.
【例2】He studied piano with the great masters of Europe and achieved huge success as a _____ (music)and composer in his early years.(2011广州一模)
分析:a是冠词,冠词修饰名词,且这里指人,所以将music 改为指人的名词musician.
方法三:作表语、定语或补语,用所给词的形容词。
【例1】The youngster immediately fell_____ (silence) as tears flew down from his big blue eyes.
分析:在连系动词fell后,应该用形容词,以ce结尾的名词变成形容词一般将ce改为t,所以此处应填silent.
【例2】 Teachers must try their best to make most of their students _____ (interest) in the subject.
分析:作make的宾补,用形容词interested表示某人感兴趣。
方法四: 所给词修饰动词、形容词、副词,或整个句子作状语,用副词。
【例1】He must be 20
(mental) disabled. (2011广东高考)
分析:此处给出形容词mental,后面的disabled也是形容词,要改为副词才能修饰形容词,所以这里应填其副词mentally.
【例2】His teacher took a deep drink, smiled ______(warm), and thanked his student …(2010广东高考题)
分析:修饰动词smiled 用副词warmly.
语法填空中构词法的运用有很多,教师平时在教学过程中一定要让学生多总结,多积累,既要认识一般的构词方法,也要注意一些特殊的例子,见多了,做多了,学生会觉得越学越有意思,在做语法填空题的时候就会越做越顺了。
责任编辑 魏文琦
掌握构词法不仅可以轻松记单词及拓宽词汇量,也是做语法填空的必要技巧。英语构词法主要有三种方法,分别是派生、合成、转换。我们在平时的单词教学中要让学生懂得构词法,特别是派生词。让他们了解词根,不同的前辍、后辍可以派生出不同的词性,并按一定的规律记忆。怎样把构词法结合到语法填空的篇章理解中,做好词类转换题,可以根据该词在句子中所作的成分来确定是用哪种形式,总的来说有以下方法。
方法一:作主语或及物动词和介词的宾语,用所给词的名词形式,填名词时还要考虑单复数。
【例1】These people have made great _____ (contribute) to China with their work.
分析:make 缺少宾语,应用名词,contribute应是去掉e直接加ion变成名词,前面没用冠词要用复数contributions.
【例2】The conversation soon turned into 31 (complain) about stress in work and in life.
分析:介词 into 后接名词,complain的名词是complaint,此处指两方面的抱怨所以用其复数形式complaints.
方法二:所给词在形容词性物主代词后,或是冠词( 形容词)后,用名词。
【例1】“They are real silk,” the assistant tried to attract her. “Worth double the price. ” But Jane knew from past experience that her ____ (choose) of ties hardly ever pleased her father. (2009年广东卷)
分析:形容词性物主代词her 后修饰名词,choose的名词为choice.
【例2】He studied piano with the great masters of Europe and achieved huge success as a _____ (music)and composer in his early years.(2011广州一模)
分析:a是冠词,冠词修饰名词,且这里指人,所以将music 改为指人的名词musician.
方法三:作表语、定语或补语,用所给词的形容词。
【例1】The youngster immediately fell_____ (silence) as tears flew down from his big blue eyes.
分析:在连系动词fell后,应该用形容词,以ce结尾的名词变成形容词一般将ce改为t,所以此处应填silent.
【例2】 Teachers must try their best to make most of their students _____ (interest) in the subject.
分析:作make的宾补,用形容词interested表示某人感兴趣。
方法四: 所给词修饰动词、形容词、副词,或整个句子作状语,用副词。
【例1】He must be 20
(mental) disabled. (2011广东高考)
分析:此处给出形容词mental,后面的disabled也是形容词,要改为副词才能修饰形容词,所以这里应填其副词mentally.
【例2】His teacher took a deep drink, smiled ______(warm), and thanked his student …(2010广东高考题)
分析:修饰动词smiled 用副词warmly.
语法填空中构词法的运用有很多,教师平时在教学过程中一定要让学生多总结,多积累,既要认识一般的构词方法,也要注意一些特殊的例子,见多了,做多了,学生会觉得越学越有意思,在做语法填空题的时候就会越做越顺了。
责任编辑 魏文琦