体外膜肺氧合是以体外循环系统为基础，采用体外循环技术进行生命支持的一种有效的辅助手段，其主要目的是提供血液氧合和排除二氧化碳，是急重症危及生命的心肺功能衰竭患者在传统治疗方法无效时的抢救性治疗措施，为心肺复苏及后续治疗赢取宝贵时间。现将结合体外膜肺氧合的发展史、临床应用研究、适应证及其并发症做一综述。“,”Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation( ECMO) ,which is based on extracorporeal circulation system,is an effective strategy that uses cardiopulmonary bypass.And the main purpose is to provide blood oxygenation and exclusion of CO2.It is a rescue therapy to sup-port patients with acutely life-threatening cardiac and/or respiratory dysfunction when conventional therapies fail,allowing time for the heart and lungs to recover and following treatments.This paper will focus on the history of ECMO,clinical application and common complications.