1755年伏尔泰的戏剧作品《中国孤儿》诞生。它的出现并不是伏尔泰心血来潮,随意而为之。本文将从传教士是《中国孤儿》创作的奠基人、道德重建是《中国孤儿》创作的内在动力、卢梭《论科学与艺术》的发表是《中国孤儿》创作的导火线、伏尔泰对中国的喜爱是《中国孤儿》创作的心理基础四个方面尝试简析伏尔泰创作《中国孤儿》的原因。 Voltaire’s play “Orphan Chinese” was born in 1755. Its appearance is not Voltaire whim, at random. This article will be from the missionary is the founder of “China’s orphaned” creation, moral reconstruction is the inner driving force of “China’s orphaned” creation, Rousseau “on science and art” is the publication of “China’s orphans” creation fuse, Voltaire on China His love is the psychological basis of the creation of “Orphans in China”. He tries to analyze the reasons why Voltaire created “Orphans in China”.