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辽宁省矿产资源丰富 ,开发历史悠久 ,规模大、强度高 ,因而诱发了诸多的矿山环境地质问题。按其灾变的时间特征 ,可将其划分为突变型地质灾害和缓变型环境地质问题两大类。崩塌、滑坡、地面塌陷 ,矿坑突水、瓦斯爆炸等地质灾害属于前者 ;水土流失、地下水污染、煤矸石自燃等环境地质问题属于后者。笔者概述了各灾种的发育特征和危害现状 ,分析探讨了其形成的自然因素和人为因素 ,并提出了相应的防灾减灾对策及建议。
Liaoning Province has rich mineral resources, a long history of development, large scale and high strength, thus inducing many geological environmental problems in mines. According to the time characteristics of its catastrophe, it can be divided into two major categories: catastrophic geological disasters and gradual change of environmental geology. Geological hazards such as landslide, landslide, ground subsidence, mine pit water inrush and gas explosion belong to the former; environmental and geological problems such as soil erosion, groundwater pollution and coal gangue spontaneous combustion belong to the former. The author summarizes the developmental characteristics and the status quo of each disaster, analyzes and discusses its natural and human factors, and puts forward corresponding countermeasures and suggestions for disaster prevention and mitigation.