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晚霜冻是一种突发性的低温农业气象灾害,在我国黄淮小麦区几乎每年都有不同程度的发生,对冬小麦的稳产影响巨大。针对商丘市2013年发生的冬小麦严重晚霜冻,利用MODIS大气廓线产品分析晚霜冻对冬小麦产量要素的影响,以探究晚霜冻对冬小麦产量要素的影响特征。在获取MYD07_L2产品中的表面温度ST和低空可降水量WVL的基础上,分析晚霜冻过程与温湿度时间序列的关系,结合受冻小麦的实测数据,构建温湿度特征空间,分析低温低湿对产量要素的影响特征。结果表明:ST和WVL可以很好地反映研究区冬小麦生长的气象环境条件,其极端低温日期与实际的晚霜冻发生日期匹配良好,能很好地反映晚霜冻发生时冬小麦的低温低湿状态;晚霜冻发生过程中温湿度对穗粒数有显著的影响,最低温对穗粒数的影响明显,0℃以下的低温也呈现显著的叠加效应,对穗粒数影响显著;低温和低湿的共同作用对穗粒数有明显影响,小于0℃低温叠加与极端最低温对穗粒数的显著影响相似,能反映晚霜冻对穗粒数的明显影响。研究结果可对冬小麦拔节后晚霜冻造成产量影响的早期预判提供依据。
Late frost is a sudden low-temperature agricultural meteorological disaster, Huanghuai wheat in our country almost every year have different degrees of occurrence, a significant impact on the stability of winter wheat. According to the severe night frost of winter wheat in 2013 in Shangqiu City, the influence of night frost on the yield components of winter wheat was analyzed by using the MODIS atmospheric profile to explore the influence of night frost on the yield components of winter wheat. On the basis of obtaining the surface temperature ST and the low-level precipitable water WVL in MYD07_L2, the relationship between the night frost process and the time series of temperature and humidity was analyzed. Based on the measured data of the frozen wheat, the temperature and humidity characteristic space was constructed, Features of Features. The results showed that ST and WVL could well reflect the meteorological environment of winter wheat in the study area, and its extreme low temperature date matched well with the date of actual late frost, which can well reflect the low temperature and low humidity of winter wheat at late frost occurrence. Temperature and humidity during frost occurrence had a significant effect on the number of grains per spike. The effect of minimum temperature on the number of grains per spike was obvious. Low temperature below 0 ℃ also showed significant superposition effect, which had a significant effect on the number of grains per spike. Synergistic effects of low temperature and low humidity The number of grains per spike had a significant effect. The effects of superficial temperature and minimum temperature on grain number per spike were similar, which could reflect the obvious effect of night frost on the number of grains per spike. The results provide the basis for early prediction of the effect of late frost on yield of winter wheat after jointing.