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作为人类思想的共同财富,政治文明始终是时代领航者的关怀之所在,一代代哲思者试图通过对这一问题的思考来获取历史前进的真理。毋庸置疑,分有了人全部属性的个人、社会、国家是政治哲学永恒的思考基石。然而,围绕个人和国家所进行的思考却占据了早期思想家的全部头脑,而作为这一进路核心内核的社会,其本真面貌和价值却被围绕个人和国家的阐述所遮蔽,偶尔的出场也仅是国家统摄下集体的简单化身,真正将市民社会推上历史前台的则是马克思。这一跨越是如何完成的?透过马克思的早期思想著作《黑格尔法哲学批判》,藉助手稿的文本解析,我们可以发现其是如何率先将人类思想史的目光聚焦于社会,揭示市民社会在人类思想史中的沉浮历程。
As the common wealth of human thought, political civilization has always been the care of the leader of the times. Throughout this period, philosophers have tried to get the truth of the progress of history. Undoubtedly, individuals, societies and countries that have all the attributes of man are the cornerstones of the eternal thinking of political philosophy. However, thinking about individuals and nations occupies the full mind of early thinkers, and the true face and value of society, the core of this approach, is overshadowed by personal and state expositions, occasional appearances It is only a simple embodiment of the collective under the state supervision. Marx is the real one who brings civil society to the forefront of history. How to accomplish this leap forward? Through Marx’s early ideological book Critique of Hegel’s Legal Philosophy, with the help of the textual analysis of manuscripts, we can find out how it took the lead to focus the history of human thought on the society and reveal the civil society Ups and downs in the history of human thought.