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遗传多样性分析对于作物资源评价和利用具有重要的意义。本研究以我国北方冬麦区136份小麦抗旱种质资源为材料,分析10个农艺性状及其耐旱指数的相关性,以及抗旱种质的遗传多样性。结果表明:在雨养和灌溉条件下,穗叶距的变异系数最高,分别为42.1%和37.2%,单穗总小穗数的变异系数最低,为6.4%和5.7%;不同水分条件下,植株稳产性主要受单株穗数、有效小穗数及穗下节长的影响;性状耐旱指数的多样性指数在1.95到2.07之间变化,平均值为2.02;根据性状耐旱指数将供试材料分为7个类群,其中第I、第III类群材料表现为对水分条件不敏感,而第II类群材料更适于在干旱条件下种植。材料之间的抗旱性差异可以作为抗旱育种中亲本选配的依据。
Genetic diversity analysis is of great significance to the evaluation and utilization of crop resources. In this study, 136 wheat drought-resistant germplasm resources in winter wheat area of northern China were used as materials to analyze the correlations of 10 agronomic traits and their drought tolerance indices and the genetic diversity of drought-tolerant germplasms. The results showed that under the condition of rainfed and irrigated, the coefficient of variation of ear leaf distance was the highest (42.1% and 37.2%, respectively), the coefficient of variation of total spikelets per panicle was the lowest at 6.4% and 5.7%, respectively. Under different water conditions, The plant stability was mainly affected by the number of panicle per plant, the number of effective spikelets and the length of panicles. The diversity index of drought tolerance index varied from 1.95 to 2.07 with an average of 2.02. According to the drought tolerance index, The test materials were divided into seven groups. Among them, the materials of Groups I and III showed insensitivity to the water conditions, while the materials of Group II were more suitable for planting under drought conditions. Drought-resistance differences between materials can be used as the basis for parental selection in drought-resistant breeding.